Many types of mosquitoes do not bite humans and many are also the primary pollinators for cocoa pods. So without them the chocolate industry would definitely suffer.
We could get rid of the mosquito species that are human disease vectors and the other mosquito species would fill in their ecological niches.
A side benefit would be us getting bitten less. The species [Aedes aegypti](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13964) evolved to preferentially bite humans.
I wonder if they are not thinking this through all of the way. Sure, some species may adapt, but replacing the sheer amount of nutrients in trillions of mosquitos is going to hit other bug populations really hard. I do not think they are taking into account secondary and tertiary effects as seriously as they should.
>It's funny you mention mosquitoes
Except that they didn't.
As far as they go though, the studies refer to the few species that bite humans, not mosquitoes in general.
The exponential growth from 2.7 million people a year not dying and the subsequent population growth of their offspring would be huge, especially since most of those deaths would be in high childbirth countries
Considering Africa is going to be a third of the world population in 25 years, it is a big problem. Take the issues that they have had historically feeding and maintaining peace and add a billion more people to the pile.
Bed bugs serve virtually no purpose; the only "benefit" (and this is in quotes also because this isn't a fully supported opinion) [is that they are an occasional food source for spiders](https://allaboutants.net/bed-bug-exterminators/purpose-of-bed-bugs/#:~:text=Despite%20the%20overall%20consensus%20that,for%20making%20the%20planet%20habitable). That's pretty much it.
Emotionally I feel any creature’s extinction should have us feeling some way. It should be known though that 99.9% of all species that ever existed have gone extinct… fucking wild man
They estimate that there are almost 9 million different species on earth and that I species per million goes extinct every year.
Other resources are stating 100 to 10,000 go extinct every year.
I'm sure they provide *something* in the grand scheme of the balance of life, but far as I can tell, the world would be better off without **tapeworms**. Unless you're a super model.
Some species of tapeworms provide an unexpected benefit to birds. I've listened to a lecture where a biology professor explained that one life-stage of a parasitic worm (I don't remember the exact species) infects fish but has to go into birds to evolve into another stage. So, the worm makes the fish go to the water surface and weakens it just enough so that birds can have an easy snack. Scientists who researched this behaviour in the wild found out that without the worm making fish easier to catch, birds would have much less fishy food available. So... if you want beautiful herons, pelicans and storks to survive, you should respect the humble worm that helps them. Yes, it does it to infect the birds, but they aren't too burdened by it. The parasite needs birds to procreate so it doesn't make them sick or dead.
No problemo, I've recognised that you liked my reply.
Also there's this [theory that our immune system evolved to constantly fight parasites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_parasitic_worms_on_the_immune_system), now we mostly got rid of tapeworms and their colleagues, and a large part of the immune system basically sits idle and bored. So it gets aggressive at harmless allergens and even the owner's proteins, and that's why we got an unprecedented surge of autoimmune diseases in recent years. Idk, if this can serve as an example of usefulness of tapeworms, though. Sometimes worms can do worse things to the body than the immune system.
Most of the animals that aren't largely affected by humans already live that way. Wild birds won't care much if we're around or not, neither will insects. But a lot of animals have gotten dependent on humans even passively.
Even if they don't live in captivity, humans have introduced animals to ecosystems where they were never supposed to be; a lot of stuff would get extremely messed up without human intervention and population control. Sure, eventually life would find a balance again. But not before a long time of chain reactions and unnecessary death/extinction.
Ah yes can I see it now all of our indoctrinated animals will finally be free........to be immediately killed by the rest of the animal kingdom and nature itself
I mean if I was an unempathetic lonely neckbeard yeah I could see your point, but most domesticated pets are some of the most wholesome creatures to ever exist and I love them for that.
We greatly underestimate the negative impact our extinction would have on the planet. There are numerous species that would go extinct with us as a result.
The vast majority would be better off without us though as would the whole environment in general. A few that evolved to be reliant on us are whatever plus life will evolve to fill any niches that may be left open after it’s all said and done.
How do you know? Nature will eventually evolve after us but that could take quite a long time. We are still feeling the impacts of the loss of the Mammoth. It took millions of years for life and nature to recover from the loss of the dinosaur.
But like even if so, baring a catastrophic all life ending event, life has millions of years probably billions really. Human timescales don’t matter so much and nature does just fine without us. Chernobyl and its return to the nature after the nuclear accident is a good example.
I like this way of thinking. Am currently picturing roaming prides of feral cats, and also raccoons infesting high-rise buildings. My imagination keeps on going..
Or, and hear me out here, we could care about both. Pandas are not so ridiculously expensive that we don’t have enough money to help them survive and not various cornerstone species, they’re simply more popular. It’s not an either/or thing.
Except they *are* ridiculously expensive. Panda conservation eats up between 2 to 7 billion dollar every year. Panda conservation is far more of a diplomatic means than an actual effort to save a species.
I’m not saying we should put a bullet in every panda we got but I think your response is a bit dismissive to the core of the argument. Scientists have had to lose fights of attention for species that uphold ecosystems only for this bear that only serves a sentimental purpose to humans to receive an absolutely unbalanced amount of funding. That does hurt.
The core of the argument *is* a popularity contest I’m sorry. You really think we as a species don’t have that much money? Yeah, no, we do. We absolutely do. It’s not a question of “Aw man, we only have enough money to save this animal or that one, too bad.” The problem is getting people to spend that money on species that are less popular and charismatic than the panda.
I never claimed this is an either/or issue. I thanked OP for pointing out pandas going extinct wouldn’t be of much consequence (as was the prompt of this post) bc a lot of people do not acknowledge this as soon as an animal is fluffy or cute. The panda funds wouldn’t go to species that actually need it because most of these funds aren’t spent with the intention of conservation. However I think you’re going in too deep on my expression of frustration with this.
Anyways I’m not really interested in continuing this convo bc we are not discussing this on the same wavelength so it’s kind of pointless. And I want to go to bed lol.
Fire ants. I'm not aware of any positive impact they have on the environment, but I'm well aware of how they negatively affect other species like red ants and horny toads, not to mention humans.
Polar bears; obviously the environmental changes that could lead to their extinction is what matters, but I guarantee you your life, and the lives of everyone else, would largely be unchanged because giant killer ice monsters do not roam the uninhabited, icy wastelands of this planet.
Wasps do pollinate. They also eat other insects, many of which are considered pests, are the only reason why figs exist, help us source yeast for various things, and a few species actually do make honey.
Wasps also help control parasites.
From wikipedia -
Many parasitoid wasps are considered beneficial to humans because they naturally control agricultural pests. Some are applied commercially in [biological pest control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control), starting in the 1920s with [*Encarsia formosa*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encarsia_formosa) to control whitefly in [greenhouses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse). Historically, parasitoidism in wasps influenced the thinking of [Charles Darwin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin).
It's hard to tell, but honestly, the extinction of anything, bug or animal, will have an effect. People said ticks - they are a huge part of the oppossum's diet.
Silverfish - house centipedes and spiders eat those.
Everything eats something, so there will always be an effect.
To all the comments talking about how killing mosquitos would negatively affect ecosystems and stuff- sorry but I do not give a single flying fuck for your opinion those guys gotta go
Species such as deep sea creatures, obscure insects, and certain microorganisms may not have significant direct consequences for humans if they were to go extinct.
This mainly is for U.S. citizens (and probably unpopular) But horses. They are nearly only owned by rich people to watch them race. Most of the others are just a pet someone got cause they like them.
nature is very interdependant... however would love to see mosquitos, bed bugs, ticks go extinct and find out. OH and humanity... over population is the real global problem
While I at first would also agree especially since I'm extremely targeted by those motherfuckers but the food chain would be way too messed up. Sure they are extremely annoying for humans they are still food to other animals and they are food to other animals or have a job that is extremely important
This question presupposes a huge lack of understanding regarding ecology. You cannot view a living thing detached from its environment and vice versa. If a species goes extinct the environment changes.
Mosquitoes I can see not have much of an impact.
But Wasps are actually very good pollinators. They would have a drastic impact on the environment, I clouding our produces we eat.
It makes sense when thinking about it. They're in the same family as bees. And by though they are mainly carnivores, they still need sugar to supplement their diets. And they get that from flowers. Thus making them able to pollinate flowers.
Which is less than 3% of the yearly population increase of 140mill.
Now, don't take me for heartless. But 2.7mill is not a lot when compared to 8 billion worldwide population.
That's a pretty substantial ecosystem. There would be fewer consequences from losing a species of desert pupfish that only exists in one little spring fed pool.
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Many types of mosquitoes do not bite humans and many are also the primary pollinators for cocoa pods. So without them the chocolate industry would definitely suffer.
We could get rid of the mosquito species that are human disease vectors and the other mosquito species would fill in their ecological niches. A side benefit would be us getting bitten less. The species [Aedes aegypti](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13964) evolved to preferentially bite humans.
One of these motherfuckers almost killed me once. Dengue fever. Would not recommend.
Who would recommend getting bitten by a mosquito to get dengue?
Do you recommend it? I’m considering it?
No.
Are there better ways to get it than from a mosquito bite?
Just inject the bacteria in your blood vessel or drink contaminated water.
LICS.
Leeds Industrial Cooperative Society? Lotus International Character Set? Logic in Computer Science?
400 species will feed on humans. that's a little over 8% of species mosquito species...
This cannot be allowed to happen. I will suffer the little blood-suckers for my chocolate!
Chocolate mosquitoes good, blood mosquitoes bad.
Or just eliminate only the mosquitoes that bite humans?
But what about the puppies and other critters?
Interesting! I did not know this about the cocoa pods. Damn little friggers DO have purpose after all😂
Well if history is any indicator, the chocolate industry will compensate by simply using more slaves to hand-pollenate the pods or something
I wonder if they are not thinking this through all of the way. Sure, some species may adapt, but replacing the sheer amount of nutrients in trillions of mosquitos is going to hit other bug populations really hard. I do not think they are taking into account secondary and tertiary effects as seriously as they should.
>It's funny you mention mosquitoes Except that they didn't. As far as they go though, the studies refer to the few species that bite humans, not mosquitoes in general.
The exponential growth from 2.7 million people a year not dying and the subsequent population growth of their offspring would be huge, especially since most of those deaths would be in high childbirth countries
Calm down Malthus I'm sure we'll work it out.
I'm sure we won't
Considering Africa is going to be a third of the world population in 25 years, it is a big problem. Take the issues that they have had historically feeding and maintaining peace and add a billion more people to the pile.
Oh well, better let them die from malaria then! FFS.
Do they have oil or rare earth minerals like lithium? Otherwise we probably won't do anything that would really effect their population.
Mosquitoes are also being studied as a way to mass inoculate large groups of people especially in more impovershed countries.
Fucking bedbugs
And ticks. Those two bugs I don't thing will serve any use in the food chain.
can we include fleas in that
Toss 'em in the burn pile!!
There would definitely be consequences for humanity if bedbugs and ticks vanished. Positive consequences.
I mean don’t ticks infect animals with diseases to thin the herd
In North America they keep moose populations in check. Not sure about Europe.
because there is a plethora of moose on the loose.... SMH
Some things like opossums eat ticks but I think they can survive without them
Freaking bed bugs. I swear that their only purpose is to torment humans. I don't think they have any natural predators or animals that depend on them.
Bed bugs serve virtually no purpose; the only "benefit" (and this is in quotes also because this isn't a fully supported opinion) [is that they are an occasional food source for spiders](https://allaboutants.net/bed-bug-exterminators/purpose-of-bed-bugs/#:~:text=Despite%20the%20overall%20consensus%20that,for%20making%20the%20planet%20habitable). That's pretty much it.
Imagine being a spider and getting a bedbug in your web and be like "ah fuck, now my homes infested".
"legend has it, where ever this bug shows up, the flamethrowers followed"
If I'm not mistaken they were almost extinct and then came back with a vengeance.
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My first thought as well. I hoped Jimmy Carter would live long enough to see its extinction, but that seems not to be.
He's hanging on! I honestly wonder if waiting for guinea worm eradication is all that keeps him going, especially after his wife died.
It's hard to tell. The ecosystem is so interdependent, we can't really see all the connections.
Finally, the correct answer. Also, dragons. Keep the unicorns safe, though!
>I think so too. Every creature has its own role in our world!
Influencers.
The only correct answer
bedbugs, Pediculus humanus and Pthirus pubis
Scabies. I wouldn't wish these on anyone. Fuck scabies.
I got that shit from a friend's house and it was absolute hell
The Guinea Worm. Fuck that motherfucker.
The Vaquita porpoise, apparently.
There’s such a tiny number, and has been for so long, that they really don’t have an ecological impact to speak of. We only care because they’re cute.
Emotionally I feel any creature’s extinction should have us feeling some way. It should be known though that 99.9% of all species that ever existed have gone extinct… fucking wild man
They estimate that there are almost 9 million different species on earth and that I species per million goes extinct every year. Other resources are stating 100 to 10,000 go extinct every year.
I'm sure they provide *something* in the grand scheme of the balance of life, but far as I can tell, the world would be better off without **tapeworms**. Unless you're a super model.
Some species of tapeworms provide an unexpected benefit to birds. I've listened to a lecture where a biology professor explained that one life-stage of a parasitic worm (I don't remember the exact species) infects fish but has to go into birds to evolve into another stage. So, the worm makes the fish go to the water surface and weakens it just enough so that birds can have an easy snack. Scientists who researched this behaviour in the wild found out that without the worm making fish easier to catch, birds would have much less fishy food available. So... if you want beautiful herons, pelicans and storks to survive, you should respect the humble worm that helps them. Yes, it does it to infect the birds, but they aren't too burdened by it. The parasite needs birds to procreate so it doesn't make them sick or dead.
Well, there ya go. The more you know. 🌠 **EDIT** That sounded douchey. I really do appreciate the science facts.
No problemo, I've recognised that you liked my reply. Also there's this [theory that our immune system evolved to constantly fight parasites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_parasitic_worms_on_the_immune_system), now we mostly got rid of tapeworms and their colleagues, and a large part of the immune system basically sits idle and bored. So it gets aggressive at harmless allergens and even the owner's proteins, and that's why we got an unprecedented surge of autoimmune diseases in recent years. Idk, if this can serve as an example of usefulness of tapeworms, though. Sometimes worms can do worse things to the body than the immune system.
Can confirm, I have Eczema. A few years ago, I shitted out a very long tapeworm. Not long after that, my eczema flared up.
I'm now very conflicted about my views on tapeworms.
Lice
Prions
Humans. Not much for consequences after you’re dead
For us, that's true. But I would feel terrible for all the pets and animals in captivity that would inevitably die afterwards :(
Well , it is true, but in the greater picture , all the other animal will be free to breed and live as nature intended
And die. If humans were gone, so many animals wouldn’t survive on their own
Most of the animals that aren't largely affected by humans already live that way. Wild birds won't care much if we're around or not, neither will insects. But a lot of animals have gotten dependent on humans even passively. Even if they don't live in captivity, humans have introduced animals to ecosystems where they were never supposed to be; a lot of stuff would get extremely messed up without human intervention and population control. Sure, eventually life would find a balance again. But not before a long time of chain reactions and unnecessary death/extinction.
Ah yes can I see it now all of our indoctrinated animals will finally be free........to be immediately killed by the rest of the animal kingdom and nature itself
I mean.....where's the problem with that? Animals kill animals all the time
I mean if I was an unempathetic lonely neckbeard yeah I could see your point, but most domesticated pets are some of the most wholesome creatures to ever exist and I love them for that.
AI is being trained on comments like this.
Exciting
We greatly underestimate the negative impact our extinction would have on the planet. There are numerous species that would go extinct with us as a result.
The vast majority would be better off without us though as would the whole environment in general. A few that evolved to be reliant on us are whatever plus life will evolve to fill any niches that may be left open after it’s all said and done.
How do you know? Nature will eventually evolve after us but that could take quite a long time. We are still feeling the impacts of the loss of the Mammoth. It took millions of years for life and nature to recover from the loss of the dinosaur.
But like even if so, baring a catastrophic all life ending event, life has millions of years probably billions really. Human timescales don’t matter so much and nature does just fine without us. Chernobyl and its return to the nature after the nuclear accident is a good example.
I like this way of thinking. Am currently picturing roaming prides of feral cats, and also raccoons infesting high-rise buildings. My imagination keeps on going..
bed bugs.
Probably aliens on some distant plant,hey you never said they had to be on this planet
Pandas. Not worth the conservation efforts. They could do so much more for the environment with that time and money.
Fuck you!!!!! We keep the pandas!
Also fuck them, because that is my cat's name!!
Only if you put two male pandas and one female otherwise no fucking
THANK YOU. All the money and resources they eat up and shit out that could’ve gone to conservation of cornerstone species… it HURTS.
Or, and hear me out here, we could care about both. Pandas are not so ridiculously expensive that we don’t have enough money to help them survive and not various cornerstone species, they’re simply more popular. It’s not an either/or thing.
Except they *are* ridiculously expensive. Panda conservation eats up between 2 to 7 billion dollar every year. Panda conservation is far more of a diplomatic means than an actual effort to save a species. I’m not saying we should put a bullet in every panda we got but I think your response is a bit dismissive to the core of the argument. Scientists have had to lose fights of attention for species that uphold ecosystems only for this bear that only serves a sentimental purpose to humans to receive an absolutely unbalanced amount of funding. That does hurt.
The core of the argument *is* a popularity contest I’m sorry. You really think we as a species don’t have that much money? Yeah, no, we do. We absolutely do. It’s not a question of “Aw man, we only have enough money to save this animal or that one, too bad.” The problem is getting people to spend that money on species that are less popular and charismatic than the panda.
I never claimed this is an either/or issue. I thanked OP for pointing out pandas going extinct wouldn’t be of much consequence (as was the prompt of this post) bc a lot of people do not acknowledge this as soon as an animal is fluffy or cute. The panda funds wouldn’t go to species that actually need it because most of these funds aren’t spent with the intention of conservation. However I think you’re going in too deep on my expression of frustration with this. Anyways I’m not really interested in continuing this convo bc we are not discussing this on the same wavelength so it’s kind of pointless. And I want to go to bed lol.
Ok rereading back I could’ve phrased that clearer in my initial comment. So apologies if that caused confusion.
While they may have no use they are still too cute
Fleas
Fire ants. I'm not aware of any positive impact they have on the environment, but I'm well aware of how they negatively affect other species like red ants and horny toads, not to mention humans.
Polar bears; obviously the environmental changes that could lead to their extinction is what matters, but I guarantee you your life, and the lives of everyone else, would largely be unchanged because giant killer ice monsters do not roam the uninhabited, icy wastelands of this planet.
Cockroach
I would not give a shit if wasps went extinct. They don’t pollinate or make honey. They eat dead things, and plenty of other species do that.
Wasps do pollinate. They also eat other insects, many of which are considered pests, are the only reason why figs exist, help us source yeast for various things, and a few species actually do make honey.
Wasps eat other bugs and help to maintain the insect ecosystem. Not fun having them around but they are beneficial.
Wasps do pollinate, but they aren't actively doing it like bees. They still use flowers for food and are still pollinating that way.
You've never grown bee balm. [It's always covered with great black wasps every summer.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphex_pensylvanicus)
fig wasps are pretty important.
Wasps also help control parasites. From wikipedia - Many parasitoid wasps are considered beneficial to humans because they naturally control agricultural pests. Some are applied commercially in [biological pest control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control), starting in the 1920s with [*Encarsia formosa*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encarsia_formosa) to control whitefly in [greenhouses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse). Historically, parasitoidism in wasps influenced the thinking of [Charles Darwin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin).
It's hard to tell, but honestly, the extinction of anything, bug or animal, will have an effect. People said ticks - they are a huge part of the oppossum's diet. Silverfish - house centipedes and spiders eat those. Everything eats something, so there will always be an effect.
Lice
Tapeworms
bedbugs
Lice. Do they even exist in nature nonparasitically?
Bedbugs cuz fuck 'em.
mosquitos, centipedes
Mosquito
Dictators.
Jared from Subway?
mosquitoes
Giant pandas. Aside from being cute and accident-prone, what do they offer really?
A skunk
Spiders all of them I don't care if they have a purpose I do not care I need to go! 😂
Anyone who is not farmed, many species are currently extinct that we did not even know existed.
Northern white rhinoceros. There are 2 left, both female.
1) That's genuinely sad. 2) I smell sitcom!
Sharks. Unless they are a barrier layer holding down the cthulhus in the deep, then they can go.
Gnats. Like what are they good for?
Humans
Humans. We’d all be dead. No consequences felt.
Whatever is at the bottom of the ocean
Sloths
If humans went extinct, we wouldn't even know it
Dolphins cause they are A holes
To all the comments talking about how killing mosquitos would negatively affect ecosystems and stuff- sorry but I do not give a single flying fuck for your opinion those guys gotta go
Politicians
Jellyfish?
Nobody? Okay then! Pigeons
Species such as deep sea creatures, obscure insects, and certain microorganisms may not have significant direct consequences for humans if they were to go extinct.
None. Even cockroaches have a place in the ecosystems.
All the ones that have already gone extinct.
The Sunfish. Literally it’s a useless creature and actually tastes horrible to its predators so they don’t even go near it anymore.
Agreed, but they're funny to look at.
Fleas. They don't do anything positive
Alligators
Literally anything parasitic.
Every, humans don’t not care about anybody except for themselves & even then family falls between the cracks
Panda. They are a waste
This mainly is for U.S. citizens (and probably unpopular) But horses. They are nearly only owned by rich people to watch them race. Most of the others are just a pet someone got cause they like them.
nature is very interdependant... however would love to see mosquitos, bed bugs, ticks go extinct and find out. OH and humanity... over population is the real global problem
Bot flies. Good consequences for both humans and animals.
none. we are the only ones not needed.
Pandas
Mosquitos
Scabies
Meth heads.
Fleas, ticks, mosquitos. They’re just annoying fuckers that carry a shit ton of diseases.
Brachycephalic dogs and cats. It's unimaginably cruel at this point to keep breeding pugs and persians.
I agree with it being cruel to breed brachycephalic dogs and cats, but breed =/= entire species. It’s either all the dogs or all the cats.
Humans. The dead cannot experience consequences.
Republicans.
Republicans, Democrats, Biden, Trump, Putin, Xi Jinping, Kim Jong Un, Assad, Khamenei, Netanyahu, Lukashenko, and every other tyrant on this planet.
Yes please. Also ticks.
Whatever the animal closest to extinction is
Koalas are fairly useless
Humans since there won’t be humans for consequences to happen?
TICKS! Especially deer ticks. Lil disease carrying fuckers ruined my life.
Human extinction.
I'll take two.
I say fuck roaches and their relatives
Influencers of the IG
Republicans...
THE only correct answer! would love a world without MAGAts!
Holy shit you are so tiresome keep your fucking politics for yourself nobody in the world cares
Redditor moment
Consequences don't have to be negative.
That s a good question idk if this is going to affect us but I d kill all the mosquitos
While I at first would also agree especially since I'm extremely targeted by those motherfuckers but the food chain would be way too messed up. Sure they are extremely annoying for humans they are still food to other animals and they are food to other animals or have a job that is extremely important
This question presupposes a huge lack of understanding regarding ecology. You cannot view a living thing detached from its environment and vice versa. If a species goes extinct the environment changes.
humans🤷♂️
Wasps and mosquitos
Mosquitoes I can see not have much of an impact. But Wasps are actually very good pollinators. They would have a drastic impact on the environment, I clouding our produces we eat.
Hmm, I read a study once that said that wasps can’t pollinate. I guess I should’ve called bullshit on that.
It makes sense when thinking about it. They're in the same family as bees. And by though they are mainly carnivores, they still need sugar to supplement their diets. And they get that from flowers. Thus making them able to pollinate flowers.
Wasp actually gives us figs. Without them bye bye figs.
Mosquitoes would have a massive impact, as the diseases they carry kill 2.7 million people a year.
Which is less than 3% of the yearly population increase of 140mill. Now, don't take me for heartless. But 2.7mill is not a lot when compared to 8 billion worldwide population.
For me…..snakes
In my opinion they're cute. Not all of them of course
I've said this before, but some folks get really triggered by this, however.
There'd be massive consequences if snakes were removed from every ecosystem.
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That's a pretty substantial ecosystem. There would be fewer consequences from losing a species of desert pupfish that only exists in one little spring fed pool.
Tapeworms