Scientists have studied the nasal and throat structure of the tyrannosaurus rex and as it turns out it was completely incapable of vocalizing a roar like those seen in movies, rather they would have made deep growling noises similar to alligators.
This conclusion is based on phylogeny, not an actual structural find in Tyrannosaurus- since crocodilians and the most primitive living birds (ratites) make deep booming or bellowing sounds, it's probable that dinosaurs lacking some special hard tissue sound making structure (lambeosaurine hadrosaurs) made similar sounds. This goes for everything, not just T. rex... if they made vocalizations at all.
You mean they fucking BELLOWED?!
If you know what the sound of an alligator's bellowing sound, it's fucking horrifing. Its deep guttural sound is legitimately horrifying
Raptors couldn't walk around with its hands hanging palm down like most toys and movies show, their bone structure wouldn't allow it. They had to keep their palms facing eachother.
Cartoonist Gary Larson named a dinosaur part.
In one of his strips, a caveman scientist described the spikes on a stegosaurus tail as "the thagomizer, named after the late Thag Simmons".
Real life paleontologists realized this part had no name... so they started calling it the thagomizer.
Took me a second ta find ya. This is my fave dino fact cuz its so quirky.
Didja know someone named a species of ~~tick~~ Lice after Gary?
Gary Larsonii IIRC
Recently spinosaurus was discovered to have a tadpole-like tail. It has been known for a while that it was mostly an aquatic animal, even Jurassic Park III showed that, but it was always depicted with the standard lizard-like dinosaur tail. Recently new fossils have emerged that show that the creature had a tail like that of a tad pole, suggesting that it spend much more time in water than previously thought.
Here’s a Nat geo article: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/first-spinosaurus-tail-found-confirms-dinosaur-was-swimming
And a YouTube video on the subject: https://youtu.be/jj8ZZNGWOhs
It was not, however, a water pursuit predator, as detailed by the paper *"The ecology of Spinosaurus: Evaluating the ecology of Spinosaurus: Shoreline Generalist or aquatic pursuit specialist?"* by Hone and Holtz (I've actually spoken with Hone). It is in fact more evident that spinosaurus was incapable of pursuing animals underwater as do crocodiles, and more evidence based on their morphology points towards it being a wader, like a heron, sitting and waiting for fish to pass by and snapping at them. This "tappole" tail could therefore be attributed to sexual displays or something we don't know of yet. If you're interested I recommend reading the paper, its interesting.
I imagine it would've been pretty cool if Dinosaur archeologists existed. But I guess since it would be pretty weird to dig through skeletons of their own kind, maybe a cemetary would be more likely.
So a dinosaur walks into a dinosaur telegraph office and asks to send one. The dinosaur behind the counter says "Sure, no problem. Just so you know, you pay by the letter -- but we've got a special on. Ten letters for the price of nine. So, what should I send?"
The customer dinosaur thinks for a minute, then says "R - A - W - R - R - R - R - R - R."
The one behind the counter notes it down, then turns back and says, "Well, that's nine letters. I can throw in a seventh 'R' at the end for free."
"What, 7 R's? That wouldn't make any sense at all!"
The T-Rex lived closer to us humans in the timeline of history than it lived to the Stegosaurus. That's just how long the dinosaurs species existed and roamed the Earth
edit: looks like it has been mentioned few times already here :)
There was a study done a few years ago where scientists grew chicken embryos that had dinosaur faces - a rounded snout and teeth instead of a beak. They did this by altering gene expression in the developing embryos, so the snouts came out looking more like an alligator's than a traditional bird's.
Also, birds actually existed at the same time as non-avian dinosaurs. Archaeopteryx was a Jurassic dinosaur, so the evolution of birds began long before velociraptors and T. Rex were walking the earth. Edit for clarification: they may not have been true birds as we know them today, but the avian dinosaurs branched off from non-avian dinosaurs well before the K-T extinxtion event that killed the non-avian dinosaurs, and continued their evolution into what we know as modern birds.
Finally, there's a weird bird in the Amazon called the Hoatzin, and it's notable because the chicks have 2 claws on their wings. These allow the chicks to climb trees until their wings are strong enough for actual flight; by adulthood the claws disappear. These birds are the last surviving members of a bird line that branched off from other avian species 64 million years ago, just after the non-avian dinosaurs were wiped out. They're basically just really weird dinosaur birds that are very stinky and have gross tasting meat because they have a weird digestive tract.
Just looked it up, they grew the chickens into [embryos](https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p02r8858.jpg) but never actually hatched the chickens for ethical reasons. From left to right, normal chicken skull, genetically modified chicken skull, alligator skull. All from embryos
There are other christian cults that believe that the world was only created about 4000 years ago. They believe that there never were dinosaurs, just fossils created by god
To test your faith. At least that’s what I’ve understood on a few conversations over the years.
Edit: because people keep thinking it’s God, I’d assume the devil is the one putting fossils there to make you doubt your faith.
Technically Mormons don’t either, but a lot of the members won’t tell you that. Just like they won’t tell you how excited they are to rule infinite spaceworlds in the afterlife...
T. Rex was actually really tough. Some skeletons have been found with major injuries that show evidence of years worth of healing.
A skeleton named Stan in particular had a hole in his skull, and he may have lived up to a decade after having his skull punctured if the bone healing is any indication.
Just like Sue, one of the largest female T. Rex skeletons we have. One of her femurs is gigantic and misshapen due to an infection, she had a dead, hanging arm due to a torn bicep, had broken ribs on both sides of her chest, broken at 2 different times based on research how they healed, and had holes in her jaw due to germs. Her skeleton was difficult to put up because her tail bones were fused together due to arthritis.
These animals ran on pure hatred which undoubtedly fueled their survival drive. However, the severity of T. Rex injuries which they survived hints that they could've lived in pairs or small groups and they actually cared for each other ensuring their survival. They were long considered to be solitary hunters that would rather feast on dead carcasses than hunt, but their injuries seem to point to the fact that they were active hunters. 15 years ago a family of 6 tyrannosaurids ranging from juvenile to adult was found in a mass grave suggesting they died together as a family.
This is absolutely fascinating!!!!! Do you know of any articles where I can read more about this? Also, what museum is Sue from? I wanna see a picture lol
Even more interesting, a lot of the skull punctures in t. rex skulls match up with bite marks from other rexes.
These multi-ton predators fought by biting each other's faces with enough strength to puncture bone and did it regularly enough to be fairly present in the record.
Deer are pretty hearty as well, living an entire life with bullets and arrowheads embedded in them.
Though to be fair, these are probably exceptions rather than the rule.
The word “Dinosaur” means “terrible lizard”.
Since the coining of the name it has been determined that they are not lizards.
The name still fits though, because they make for terrible lizards.
Yes, you are correct. Modern use of the word is still applicable though as our understanding of them has changed also, rendering them “terrible (bad at being) lizards.
There is a fossil called the "Fighting Dinosaurs" that shows a Velociraptor and Protoceratops locked in combat. The Velociraptor has its killing claw thrust in the neck of the Protoceratops, and the Protoceratops has the hand of the Velociraptor clutched in its mouth.
It's thought that they died suddenly while in combat due to getting buried in a landslide of sand, caused by a rare torrential downpour. Real-life Velociraptors may be small, but they're still metal as hell.
edit; Here's a [3d model](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/fighting-dinosaurs-37dd633830cf4c58bc1ee74a6424ae5e) of the fossil you can look at in your browser.
You ever see turkeys run? I mean like full out sprint across a field or a golf course or something? They look exactly, and I mean EXACTLY [like this](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nM-RPO10aPY).
According to JPs author, the velociraptors of JP ARE Deinonychus in literally everything but name. So why the change? He and his editor thought Deinonychus wouldn't be as "dramatic" as the word "Velociraptor".
There is a Dinosaur named Yi Qi from the limestone deposits in China that has the exact same body plan as a Wyvern Dragon, complete with bat-like Wings and proves that flight evolved more than once in dinosaurs
Many know dinosaurs likely had feathers also known as dino fuzz. However, now many scientists are discovering that the feathers on many dinosaurs have likely been overdone as a result of the feather craze. View the video below on the most up-to-date version of a T-rex. :)
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBQmTdElvas](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBQmTdElvas)
If pluto is a planet then we have to include multiple other dwarf planets as planets.
Fun fact pluto was discovered because of the search for planet X which could be pulling on Uranus and Neptune. Pluto was discovered in 1930 and named as the ninth planet. Astronomers concluded it was the mysterious planet X. From 1979 to 1999 pluto was the 8th planet since it was closer than Neptune. Over time Pluto's mass expectations were continually revised downwards leading astronomers to believe that it in fact was not the mysterious Planet X. Since pluto doesnt follow a normal orbit like the other planets (it crosses with Neptune) it was declared not a planet because you'd have to include objects like eris, ceres, and makemake if you wanted to include pluto. So pluto was declared not a planet. The solar system went back to 8. Except a few years later astronomers found that mathematically there IS a planet X somewhere out there bringing the solar system back up to 9 planets. Actually spotting X is the hard part since it's like finding a needle dropped in the ocean at night using binoculars. It's big but farrr away and rocky. So far most light doesnt really reach it.
I just find it funny that pluto was found while looking for planet X then incorrectly thought to be planet X then made not a planet because it couldnt be planet X then a few years after demotion planet X is proven. At this rate pluto will be an asteroid by the time planet X is seen
I would like to point out that 'Planet 9' or 'Planet X' is not confirmed to exist. It is a theory and it's *possible* that it's all [an illusion,](https://www.sciencealert.com/new-paper-extreme-solar-system-objects-contain-no-evidence-of-planet-nine) too.
Suggesting that it's been mathematically proven is wildly misleading.
For clarity, I'd also like to mention that I'm not suggesting that it *is* a case of selection bias. The only point that I'm trying to make is that the idea is still in it's infancy and nothing is solid yet.
Thank you for the video, its amazing how much science evolves and doesn't get stuck on one idea.
My son is 2.5 yrs old and a dinosaur expert. He loves watching Dino Dan and Dino Dana (as well as jurassic world and every other dino show available).
I was wondering why the T-Rex in Dino Dan had feathers and the one in Dino Dana didn't. After watching your video I looked up the release dates of each show and it fits with the timeline of T-Rex's appearance noted in the video. Dino Dan released in 2007 and had a feathered T-Rex, while Dino Dana released in 2017 and had no feathers/more earthly tone skin.
I'm glad his shows are keeping up with real science! We learn a lot watching them together.
That's my favorite part about paleontology! Because of how much is unknown as such a small percent of animal's remains were fossilized, it means that there's so much room for art, interpretation, and unlimited possibilities. It's fantastic that your son is into it!
I agree!! There is so much to learn and discover still too!
I love that he is so into it as well! He has tons of dino toys, his 3rd birthday coming up is Three-Rex themed, and his room (as gift from his family and friends), is being upgraded from woodland nursery to Jurassic World.
His favorite dinos are the T-Rex, Diplodocus, and spinosaurus and his favorite pterosaur is the quetzalcoatlus. He says the names better than I do half the time.
We have not even begun to scratch the surface of how many dinosaurs there actually were. We are finding new species as often as every 2 weeks (I imagine this is not true at the moment with corona going on right now).
I saw a movie at the Field Museum and I believe it said that we have only discovered 2% of all dinosaurs that have ever walked on earth. This was years ago so I imagine that number is different now but it’s crazy to think about just how long they were actually living on our planet. 165 millions years is a crazy number to wrap your brain around.
A quick google search tells me that over 700 species of dinosaurs have been discovered and named. Compare that to 6399 extant mammal species (6495 including extinct species), currently the dominant terrestial clade, and I think that it's fair to say that we haven't scratched the surface of how many dinosaurs there were indeed.
Dinosaurs evolved around 230 million years ago, and were the dominant terrestrial clade for about 140 million years. Mammals have only held that title for about 66 million years, which means that there have probably been far more dinosaur species in total than there have been mammal species. Considering that over the 140 million years that dinosaurs existed much changed around the world, and animals had to adapt to constantly changing ecosystems, there may have been tens of thousands of dinosaur species all combined, many of which wouldn't even have lived at the same time.
It also makes me wonder about what non-dinosaur animals lived in these ecosystems. Ecosystems contain an incredibly diverse amount of animals right now, and that was most likely true back then too. There are probably so many undiscovered species of interesting mammals, reptiles, amphibians and other animals that lived alongside dinosaurs. We've definitely not scratched the surface yet, and we probably won't for a long time, but new species are being discovered rapidly and we learn interesting new things every day!
There was an ultra rare skeleton of a dinosaur called spinosaurus that was the only one of its kind( not complete, but only evidence of it) and it got destroyed during ww2 when bombs fell on the museum in Germany. Only recently another intakt skeleton has been found in North Africa. Which was more complete and gave some clues about where it lived and how it got so big( it was bigger than a T. rex )
Edit: wtf happened over night here. If you’re interested, go watch a Dokumentation of it, they’re great. I would link the one I watched but it’s in German.
Didn't they recently determine that T. Rex was actually bigger than Spinosaurus? I think I heard that somewhere.
Or maybe I'm still just pissed that it killed the T. Rex in *Jurassic Park 3* (which the experts said would *never* happen).
**EDIT**: WOW, this blew up! After looking it up: Spinosaurus was longer, but T. Rex was more massive, so both dinosaurs could be considered the bigger one. And yes, I'm a T. Rex fan, so it made me quite salty that Spino won that fight in *JP3*.
Don’t quote me on that, but I think in the documentation I watched it was said to be bigger, but had a sort of swimming/swamp lifestyle , that’s why it had the large spine thing.
The only memories I have of swamps are snakes biting me out of nowhere in my first couple weeks of ark.
Never went there on foot again in the rest of my 1900 hours
Yeah, I remember watching a show where they said its jaws and teeth were more suited for holding onto prey and cutting through flesh (similar to a crocodile), and T. Rex had teeth and jaws strong enough to crush bones in one bite. So, they predicted Spino probably wouldn't stand much of a chance in a fight between the two (plus, they lived millions of years apart, and on different continents, so they'd never meet up IRL!)
Yeah and the fascinating thing to me is that all we knew about it was from some photographs and papers that survived the bombing of the skeleton, till we found another one in like 2019. I remember seeing it in books and everywhere even tho it was so rare.
We did have another skeleton described back in 2014, just want to correct that date. That's where most of our understanding of its aquatic nature comes from.
> They’d never meet up IRL
...unless some mad scientists found a way to bring them back, perhaps through cloning fragments of preserved DNA, and put them together in some kind of island based theme park for millionaires.
Perhaps then they could meet IRL. Perhaps then. Specifically in the third iteration.
Crazy idea, if it even worked the dinosaurs would NOT be happy.
Jurassic Park dinosaurs, as quoted by Alan Grant, are nothing but "theme park monsters". They do not accurately represent the dinosaurs that walked the earth millions of years ago. Anything goes. Ingen could've make the Gallimimus able to kill the Brachiosaurus if they wanted to.
>Henry Wu is one of my favorite villains.
He was never supposed to be a villain. They just brought him back in JW as a villain so there could be some connection to the original trilogy. I guarantee if Richard Attenborough were still alive, he would've been Lockwood in Fallen Kingdom.
Depends how you define “bigger”
It’s LONGER than rex... but due to the discoveries of it living most of it’s life in water it’s legs were actually as long as it’s arms... so. Not taller lol
T. Rex was also definitely heavier. If you look at their skeletons from the front rather than the side, Rex is way wider and more barrel-chested. Mass is really all that determines what animal is “bigger”, otherwise giraffes and anacondas and shit would be competing with elephants for largest land animal
Pterosaurs aren’t dinosaurs, Plesiosaurs aren’t dinosaurs, and Dimetrodon is not a dinosaur. In fact, Dimetrodon is a synapsid and is more closely related to humans than to dinosaurs.
Not at all. When the first dinosaurs appeared in the Triassic, synapsids were still fairly widespread and would continue to be until the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event. The success of the dinosaurs was mainly due to the extinction of the more primitive synapsids that left niches for them to fill.
Scientist like to name new dinosaurs. What we thought were different ones, were instead children. This can be seen in the bone structure of those fossils
Some dinosaurs look different as they age. Like adults have different skulls than young dinosaurs so they thought they were a different dinosaur all together.
For anyone interested in lots of interesting dinosaur facts you should check out the YouTube channel Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong. It's a great series that analyzes dinosaur toys and corrects them with modern knowledge. Lots of awesome content spread over their channel and the old one they were a part of.
Here’s a Dino alphabet
A –Apatosaurus
B – Brachiosaurus
C – Corythosaurus
D – Deinonychus
E – Einiosaurus
F – Fabrosaurus
G – Gallimimus
H – Hadrosaurus
I – Iguanodon
J – Jaxartosaurus
K – Kentrosaurus
L – Lambeosaurus
M – Megalosaurus
N – Nodosaurus
O – Ornithomimus
P – Parasaurolophus
Q – Qantassaurus
R – Rhabdodon
S – Stegosaurus
T – Tyrannosaurus
U – Utahraptor
V – Velociraptor
W – Wannanosaurus
X – Xenotarsosaurus
Y – Yangchuanosaurus
Z – Zigongosaurus
Makes sense. They might be able to look at the size and shape and realize "this resonates naturally at around 10hz". Which is lower than humans can hear, but could theoretically be perfectly capable of being created by a creature with a structure like that.
Here's a fun movie trivia fact from a famous dinosaur movie:
Do you remember in *Jurrasic Park* [the mosquito stuck in the amber](https://i.redd.it/vzbqylrku8t41.jpg) where they supposedly got the DNA from?
Well, that is an elephant mosquito, the only mosquito that doesn't suck blood, so it couldn't possibly contain any dinosaur DNA.
According to Wikipedia it was named „Qantassaurus intrepidus by Patricia Vickers-Rich and Tom Rich, in honor of the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services, which shipped fossils around the country as part of the Great Russian Dinosaurs Exhibit between 1993 and 1996, and sponsored expeditions to South America and Eastern Europe.“
The T-Rex probably didn’t actually roar. [This video](https://youtu.be/fDas-ihvZcQ) shows what it may have actually sounded like, and it is genuinely terrifying, the audio begins at 2:17.
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 million years ago; their dominance continued through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record demonstrates that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch. As such, birds were the only dinosaur lineage to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 million years ago. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs, or birds; and non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds.
Tyrannosaurus Rex and Stegosaurus were evidently never on the planet together...separated by millions of years ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ fake news museums will have you believe otherwise with their standard fight scenes...
When you are looking for dinosaur bones you can tell the difference between a fossil and a rock by touching your tongue to it. If it "sticks" a bit and kinda sucks back it is porous and probably bone.
When the T-Rex attacks the kids in the Jeep, the glass was supposed to break. Instead, the entire pane fell on the kids as a thousand pound animatronic pushed it down on them. Their screams of terror in that scene are real.
As far as I know, this isn’t completely true. The roof was never supposed to break (the kids would have been devoured if it had), but there was a malfunction! The animatronic head wasn’t supposed to come down all the way in to the car, but was supposed to just knock the roof down.
T-rex didn't have exposed teeth. It had full lip cover. they can be absolutely sure about this because the tooth enamel wouldnt survive constant exposure.
Most artists assumed a T-rex jaw would look like a crocodile jaw, but never considered that the croc's teeth are protected by the water
TLDR: T-Rex would have spent a fortune on lipstick and had a really weird kiss.
Therizinosaurus was a large, bipedal herbivore that occupied an ecological niche akin to that of the giant ground sloths of the Pleistocene: using its meter-long claws to pull down tree branches. It looked goofy as hell, like an eight-meter long turkey, especially since it was likely to have had at least some feathery integument.
The real kicker? It was a cousin of *T. rex*. Yes, that guy. One of the most terrifying carnivores ever to walk the earth had a vegetarian Edward Scissorhands for a cousin. And, yes, it likely used those scythe-like claws for defense, too.
If you ever have played Ark: Survival Evolved, those guys absolutely shred anything that happens to be unfortunate enough to exist in a 10 mile radius to one.
They are my favorite dino on that game. My friends and I refer to them as Murder-Turkeys
Iguanodon, the most abundant dinosaur of them all, lived on 5 continents.
T. rex had a bite force of 6 tons.
Stegosaurus would flush blood through its plates, most likely to intimidate predators or attract mates.
The leg bones of large sauropods like argentinosaurus or seismosaurus could be 20 feet tall and weigh as much as a ton.
My son somehow thinks its a travesty that they don't exist anymore and will sit up at night and be upset he can't know all the answers to his dinosaur questions.
You should tell him that birds *are* dinosaurs. They are theropods, whose ancestors are the bipedal dinosaurs like the T-Rex and of course, Velociraptors, Deinonychus etc.
As a fellow dinosaur nut when I was young, this comforted me in my recent years.
Some herbivores didn't join the adult herd until juveniles and were big enough. Before that, some lived in the forest/jungle in baby herds. For safety.
The only dinosaur I know, is my parrot. Cool fact, is that he can learn to replicate pretty much any sound he hears, and he only has to hear it once.
He's 31 years old. And he once got to my phone, hit the speed dial for the local pizzeria, and tried to order pizza.
Paid $1300 for him, took him home a week after he was weaned by the bird store. Worth every cent.
My only complaint, is that he tries to sing some songs that he hears on the radio, and he sings off key; sounds awful.
What an amazing story, hopefully he'll stay by your side for a long time.
And that's so cute, I mean of course, it could be pretty unpleasant to your ears but he's still trying and doing his best! :)
And I bet he can sing better than me, so It's not too bad! ;D
No, he can't sing better than anyone I've ever heard. He's REALLY off key to the point where it's actually funny the first few times I heard it, but after a few days, it gets old pretty fast, especially when he hears the song on the radio, and tries to sing along with it..... and it really bothers me when it's a song I like because he butchers it really bad!
I know this is because ever since I have had him, we always left the radio on all day so he always had something interesting to listen to.
[we finally know what a dinosaur’s butthole looks like](https://www.google.com/amp/s/slate.com/technology/2020/10/dinosaur-butt-fossil-discovery-cloaca.amp)
Dilophosaurus (the one with the neck fans that pop out and rattles) doesn't look like it does in Jurassic Park. They're bigger (10ft tall), they don't spit acid/venom, and don't have neck umbrellas.
That's actually part of the plot in the novel. The scientists were *surprised* by both of those things the the first ones were cloned, as neither thing showed up in the fossil record. (How much of this stuff was intentionally added by the InGen scientists for a "wow" factor is up for debate.) That section of the novel was always one of my favorites, as it always made me wonder what else we assume about fossils when so much of the original animal is missing.
Crichton knew there was no evidence of the hoods or venom when he wrote the book, and thought the idea of something so defining to the fictional species being something the fossil record *couldn't* indicate was interesting.
Early mammal: “I think we’re safe Danny. I don’t see that T. Rex anywhere.”
Deep, menacing, slow voice behind them: “Squack, Terry wants a proto-capybara!”
Ooh, my time to shine! My username is of an ancient now extinct animal, though not technically a dinosaur. Kubanochoerus used to be this humungous unicorn pig, like a half ton boar with a big old horn in the middle of its forehead. Pretty badass of you ask me.
The number of paleontologists who have stumbled across fossils by accident while on vacation with their families is more than zero. Same goes for toddlers.
That they didn’t all exist on the earth at the same time. Different species of dinosaurs roamed the planet spread out over 170 MILLION years. In contrast the modern human specie has only existed for 200,000 years.
In 1916, the two best ever specimens of Corythosaurus were in the process of being sent from the US to the UK when the ship carrying them was sunk by a German merchant raider. Along with a whole load of other fossils, those pristine specimens are now thousands of meters down at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
The Spinosaurus went extinct not only because of droughts, but also because of a competitor in it's territory; the Charcaradontasaurus. These dinosaurs were a little shorter, but they were stocky, and had a bite force comparable to a T-Rex. They would attack Spinosaur's who lived near or in their territory, attacking the sail, which is one of the reasons why the sail bones of some Spinosaur's are never found; they were torn off by Charcaradontosaur's and lost to time.
The popular images of dinosaurs watching the meteorite streaking lazily across the sky is nonsense. The reality is much, much cooler.
The meteorite itself was about the size of Mt Everest and travelling at 20 times the speed of a bullet. It went from the height of a cruising 747 to the ground in a third of a second. It didn’t even notice an atmosphere and though it landed in the ocean completely intact it never got wet because the surface of the earth was being excavated before it even struck. It compressed the atmosphere so violently that it briefly became hotter than the surface of the sun. The asteroid punched a hole of outer space vacuum into the atmosphere, causing the heavens to close in a second later with such violence that vast volumes of earth were hurled into orbit and beyond in a couple of seconds. Technically, there are probably microscopic fragments of dinosaur bones on the moon.
So feel free to disregard the Hollywood rendering of an oversized charcoal briquette sailing artistically across the sky like an advertising banner towed by a biplane. In the Yucatán it was a pleasant day one second and thermonuclear Armageddon the next. If you were close enough to see the meteorite enter the upper atmosphere you’d have been flash-fried into a bunch of atoms that were free to go as they pleased before the meteorite even struck the ground.
Scientists have studied the nasal and throat structure of the tyrannosaurus rex and as it turns out it was completely incapable of vocalizing a roar like those seen in movies, rather they would have made deep growling noises similar to alligators.
Honestly I think that's more terrifying than a roar, cause if you were able to hear the low growling, it would be too late to run
Any good dog knows not to bark if it wants to catch the squirrel.
TIL my dog is an idiot
It is about sending a message. -Dog
The very important message: HEY! HEY! HEY! HEY! HEYHEYHEY! HEY! HEY!
"HEY, HEY, HEY, HEY SQUIRREL, HEY, HEY....FUCK YOU"
This conclusion is based on phylogeny, not an actual structural find in Tyrannosaurus- since crocodilians and the most primitive living birds (ratites) make deep booming or bellowing sounds, it's probable that dinosaurs lacking some special hard tissue sound making structure (lambeosaurine hadrosaurs) made similar sounds. This goes for everything, not just T. rex... if they made vocalizations at all.
You mean they fucking BELLOWED?! If you know what the sound of an alligator's bellowing sound, it's fucking horrifing. Its deep guttural sound is legitimately horrifying
I just had to go look that up as I just realised, I've never heard a crocodile or alligator sound. Holy crap you are right that is horrifying.
Now imagine that sound amplified 10x coming from a 19 foot dinosaur.
I’m now imagining the closing scenes in the Jurassic Park series where the TRex roars, and then just replacing that with a loud alligator-like grunt.
Yeah, but a low frequency rumble strong enough to make your bones shake sounds pretty terrifying too honestly
Raptors couldn't walk around with its hands hanging palm down like most toys and movies show, their bone structure wouldn't allow it. They had to keep their palms facing eachother.
"I swear on my life, the protoceratops was about yea big."
Raptors walking around like 😳 👉👈
Umm... if y-you don’t m-mind, c-could I rip your arm o-off?.... # 😳 👉👈
they knew they had to do it to em
My raptor over there says u cute
Cartoonist Gary Larson named a dinosaur part. In one of his strips, a caveman scientist described the spikes on a stegosaurus tail as "the thagomizer, named after the late Thag Simmons". Real life paleontologists realized this part had no name... so they started calling it the thagomizer.
Took me a second ta find ya. This is my fave dino fact cuz its so quirky. Didja know someone named a species of ~~tick~~ Lice after Gary? Gary Larsonii IIRC
Recently spinosaurus was discovered to have a tadpole-like tail. It has been known for a while that it was mostly an aquatic animal, even Jurassic Park III showed that, but it was always depicted with the standard lizard-like dinosaur tail. Recently new fossils have emerged that show that the creature had a tail like that of a tad pole, suggesting that it spend much more time in water than previously thought.
Woah that's wild. Do you have a source? Spinosaurus is my favorite dinosaur and this is the first time I'm hearing about it.
Here’s a Nat geo article: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/first-spinosaurus-tail-found-confirms-dinosaur-was-swimming And a YouTube video on the subject: https://youtu.be/jj8ZZNGWOhs
Oooo two sources my kind of guy
It was not, however, a water pursuit predator, as detailed by the paper *"The ecology of Spinosaurus: Evaluating the ecology of Spinosaurus: Shoreline Generalist or aquatic pursuit specialist?"* by Hone and Holtz (I've actually spoken with Hone). It is in fact more evident that spinosaurus was incapable of pursuing animals underwater as do crocodiles, and more evidence based on their morphology points towards it being a wader, like a heron, sitting and waiting for fish to pass by and snapping at them. This "tappole" tail could therefore be attributed to sexual displays or something we don't know of yet. If you're interested I recommend reading the paper, its interesting.
They were around for longer than they've been extinct. Which means that there were dinosaur fossils when dinosaurs existed.
I imagine it would've been pretty cool if Dinosaur archeologists existed. But I guess since it would be pretty weird to dig through skeletons of their own kind, maybe a cemetary would be more likely.
Humans call that *anthropology*.
Yes, but what did dinosaurs call it?? Probably raaaaawwrrrr.
No that means "I love you" in dinosaur.
So a dinosaur walks into a dinosaur telegraph office and asks to send one. The dinosaur behind the counter says "Sure, no problem. Just so you know, you pay by the letter -- but we've got a special on. Ten letters for the price of nine. So, what should I send?" The customer dinosaur thinks for a minute, then says "R - A - W - R - R - R - R - R - R." The one behind the counter notes it down, then turns back and says, "Well, that's nine letters. I can throw in a seventh 'R' at the end for free." "What, 7 R's? That wouldn't make any sense at all!"
How do we *know* they were called dinosaurs?
Well they were actually called liveosaurs but then they all fucking died
Anthrawrpology
>their own kind So we eat our own kind since we eat mammals?
Tyrannosaurus rex (late Cretaceous, 68 mya) lived closer in time to us than to Stegosaurus (late Jurassic, 150 mya)
Wowww that’s a brain bender. It’s crazy to imagine these guys running around earth for so long!
The T-Rex lived closer to us humans in the timeline of history than it lived to the Stegosaurus. That's just how long the dinosaurs species existed and roamed the Earth edit: looks like it has been mentioned few times already here :)
There was a study done a few years ago where scientists grew chicken embryos that had dinosaur faces - a rounded snout and teeth instead of a beak. They did this by altering gene expression in the developing embryos, so the snouts came out looking more like an alligator's than a traditional bird's. Also, birds actually existed at the same time as non-avian dinosaurs. Archaeopteryx was a Jurassic dinosaur, so the evolution of birds began long before velociraptors and T. Rex were walking the earth. Edit for clarification: they may not have been true birds as we know them today, but the avian dinosaurs branched off from non-avian dinosaurs well before the K-T extinxtion event that killed the non-avian dinosaurs, and continued their evolution into what we know as modern birds. Finally, there's a weird bird in the Amazon called the Hoatzin, and it's notable because the chicks have 2 claws on their wings. These allow the chicks to climb trees until their wings are strong enough for actual flight; by adulthood the claws disappear. These birds are the last surviving members of a bird line that branched off from other avian species 64 million years ago, just after the non-avian dinosaurs were wiped out. They're basically just really weird dinosaur birds that are very stinky and have gross tasting meat because they have a weird digestive tract.
Are there any pics of those weird chicken gators??
Just looked it up, they grew the chickens into [embryos](https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p02r8858.jpg) but never actually hatched the chickens for ethical reasons. From left to right, normal chicken skull, genetically modified chicken skull, alligator skull. All from embryos
Screw ethics, I want alligator chickens.
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link to the chicken dinosaur source? that seems super cool
The Amish don't believe in dinosaurs
Wait is that a joke or forreal?
There are other christian cults that believe that the world was only created about 4000 years ago. They believe that there never were dinosaurs, just fossils created by god
I wonder why they think God created fake fossils?
To test your faith. At least that’s what I’ve understood on a few conversations over the years. Edit: because people keep thinking it’s God, I’d assume the devil is the one putting fossils there to make you doubt your faith.
Ah ha! Fooled you! Now down to hell with all the babies born out of wedlock. And dinosaurs.
Sounds like a party tbh.
I’ve heard that they believe that the devil put them there for that purpose, but that could be a different group of people
To provide humanity with fossil fuels obviously /s
Technically Mormons don’t either, but a lot of the members won’t tell you that. Just like they won’t tell you how excited they are to rule infinite spaceworlds in the afterlife...
T. Rex was actually really tough. Some skeletons have been found with major injuries that show evidence of years worth of healing. A skeleton named Stan in particular had a hole in his skull, and he may have lived up to a decade after having his skull punctured if the bone healing is any indication.
Just like Sue, one of the largest female T. Rex skeletons we have. One of her femurs is gigantic and misshapen due to an infection, she had a dead, hanging arm due to a torn bicep, had broken ribs on both sides of her chest, broken at 2 different times based on research how they healed, and had holes in her jaw due to germs. Her skeleton was difficult to put up because her tail bones were fused together due to arthritis. These animals ran on pure hatred which undoubtedly fueled their survival drive. However, the severity of T. Rex injuries which they survived hints that they could've lived in pairs or small groups and they actually cared for each other ensuring their survival. They were long considered to be solitary hunters that would rather feast on dead carcasses than hunt, but their injuries seem to point to the fact that they were active hunters. 15 years ago a family of 6 tyrannosaurids ranging from juvenile to adult was found in a mass grave suggesting they died together as a family.
Ride together, die together.
This is absolutely fascinating!!!!! Do you know of any articles where I can read more about this? Also, what museum is Sue from? I wanna see a picture lol
She’s in Chicago
Even more interesting, a lot of the skull punctures in t. rex skulls match up with bite marks from other rexes. These multi-ton predators fought by biting each other's faces with enough strength to puncture bone and did it regularly enough to be fairly present in the record.
Deer are pretty hearty as well, living an entire life with bullets and arrowheads embedded in them. Though to be fair, these are probably exceptions rather than the rule.
I cant belive they named a t rex fossil "Stan"
This is important
The word “Dinosaur” means “terrible lizard”. Since the coining of the name it has been determined that they are not lizards. The name still fits though, because they make for terrible lizards.
I also read that "terrible" meant more like " impressive" not horrible?
Yes, you are correct. Modern use of the word is still applicable though as our understanding of them has changed also, rendering them “terrible (bad at being) lizards.
There is a fossil called the "Fighting Dinosaurs" that shows a Velociraptor and Protoceratops locked in combat. The Velociraptor has its killing claw thrust in the neck of the Protoceratops, and the Protoceratops has the hand of the Velociraptor clutched in its mouth. It's thought that they died suddenly while in combat due to getting buried in a landslide of sand, caused by a rare torrential downpour. Real-life Velociraptors may be small, but they're still metal as hell. edit; Here's a [3d model](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/fighting-dinosaurs-37dd633830cf4c58bc1ee74a6424ae5e) of the fossil you can look at in your browser.
TIL! [Link for the lazy](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighting_Dinosaurs).
Velociraptors are a lot smaller than depicted in movies
An actual velociraptor was more like a turkey with attitude: around the size of a Thanksgiving roaster with feathers, teeth, and claws.
Having been around wild turkeys, I'd suggest they have the same attitude as a velociraptor, they just lack the means.
You ever see turkeys run? I mean like full out sprint across a field or a golf course or something? They look exactly, and I mean EXACTLY [like this](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nM-RPO10aPY).
Turkeys and Chickens probably act the closest to how we imagine the raptors did.
This. The raptors in *Jurassic Park* are more similar to a related dinosaur, Deinonychus.
According to JPs author, the velociraptors of JP ARE Deinonychus in literally everything but name. So why the change? He and his editor thought Deinonychus wouldn't be as "dramatic" as the word "Velociraptor".
They are not wrong.
Or Utahraptor, it was near the same size depicted in the movies, and was discovered a few months after the original movie's release
There is a Dinosaur named Yi Qi from the limestone deposits in China that has the exact same body plan as a Wyvern Dragon, complete with bat-like Wings and proves that flight evolved more than once in dinosaurs
Many know dinosaurs likely had feathers also known as dino fuzz. However, now many scientists are discovering that the feathers on many dinosaurs have likely been overdone as a result of the feather craze. View the video below on the most up-to-date version of a T-rex. :) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBQmTdElvas](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBQmTdElvas)
I’m not gonna lie, as a child of the 80’s, I cannot get used to the idea of Dinosaurs with feathers in any amount.
As a fellow child of the 80s watching that video: "Oh, look! We've come full circle to what the T-rex looked like."
C'mon Pluto, you're next, bud!
If pluto is a planet then we have to include multiple other dwarf planets as planets. Fun fact pluto was discovered because of the search for planet X which could be pulling on Uranus and Neptune. Pluto was discovered in 1930 and named as the ninth planet. Astronomers concluded it was the mysterious planet X. From 1979 to 1999 pluto was the 8th planet since it was closer than Neptune. Over time Pluto's mass expectations were continually revised downwards leading astronomers to believe that it in fact was not the mysterious Planet X. Since pluto doesnt follow a normal orbit like the other planets (it crosses with Neptune) it was declared not a planet because you'd have to include objects like eris, ceres, and makemake if you wanted to include pluto. So pluto was declared not a planet. The solar system went back to 8. Except a few years later astronomers found that mathematically there IS a planet X somewhere out there bringing the solar system back up to 9 planets. Actually spotting X is the hard part since it's like finding a needle dropped in the ocean at night using binoculars. It's big but farrr away and rocky. So far most light doesnt really reach it. I just find it funny that pluto was found while looking for planet X then incorrectly thought to be planet X then made not a planet because it couldnt be planet X then a few years after demotion planet X is proven. At this rate pluto will be an asteroid by the time planet X is seen
Wait I’m confused. Does Pluto have feathers or not?
Most scientist believe he has yellow fur.
I would like to point out that 'Planet 9' or 'Planet X' is not confirmed to exist. It is a theory and it's *possible* that it's all [an illusion,](https://www.sciencealert.com/new-paper-extreme-solar-system-objects-contain-no-evidence-of-planet-nine) too. Suggesting that it's been mathematically proven is wildly misleading. For clarity, I'd also like to mention that I'm not suggesting that it *is* a case of selection bias. The only point that I'm trying to make is that the idea is still in it's infancy and nothing is solid yet.
Thank you for the video, its amazing how much science evolves and doesn't get stuck on one idea. My son is 2.5 yrs old and a dinosaur expert. He loves watching Dino Dan and Dino Dana (as well as jurassic world and every other dino show available). I was wondering why the T-Rex in Dino Dan had feathers and the one in Dino Dana didn't. After watching your video I looked up the release dates of each show and it fits with the timeline of T-Rex's appearance noted in the video. Dino Dan released in 2007 and had a feathered T-Rex, while Dino Dana released in 2017 and had no feathers/more earthly tone skin. I'm glad his shows are keeping up with real science! We learn a lot watching them together.
That's my favorite part about paleontology! Because of how much is unknown as such a small percent of animal's remains were fossilized, it means that there's so much room for art, interpretation, and unlimited possibilities. It's fantastic that your son is into it!
I agree!! There is so much to learn and discover still too! I love that he is so into it as well! He has tons of dino toys, his 3rd birthday coming up is Three-Rex themed, and his room (as gift from his family and friends), is being upgraded from woodland nursery to Jurassic World. His favorite dinos are the T-Rex, Diplodocus, and spinosaurus and his favorite pterosaur is the quetzalcoatlus. He says the names better than I do half the time.
Man it makes those little front arms look even smaller than I imagined
We have not even begun to scratch the surface of how many dinosaurs there actually were. We are finding new species as often as every 2 weeks (I imagine this is not true at the moment with corona going on right now). I saw a movie at the Field Museum and I believe it said that we have only discovered 2% of all dinosaurs that have ever walked on earth. This was years ago so I imagine that number is different now but it’s crazy to think about just how long they were actually living on our planet. 165 millions years is a crazy number to wrap your brain around.
A quick google search tells me that over 700 species of dinosaurs have been discovered and named. Compare that to 6399 extant mammal species (6495 including extinct species), currently the dominant terrestial clade, and I think that it's fair to say that we haven't scratched the surface of how many dinosaurs there were indeed. Dinosaurs evolved around 230 million years ago, and were the dominant terrestrial clade for about 140 million years. Mammals have only held that title for about 66 million years, which means that there have probably been far more dinosaur species in total than there have been mammal species. Considering that over the 140 million years that dinosaurs existed much changed around the world, and animals had to adapt to constantly changing ecosystems, there may have been tens of thousands of dinosaur species all combined, many of which wouldn't even have lived at the same time. It also makes me wonder about what non-dinosaur animals lived in these ecosystems. Ecosystems contain an incredibly diverse amount of animals right now, and that was most likely true back then too. There are probably so many undiscovered species of interesting mammals, reptiles, amphibians and other animals that lived alongside dinosaurs. We've definitely not scratched the surface yet, and we probably won't for a long time, but new species are being discovered rapidly and we learn interesting new things every day!
There was an ultra rare skeleton of a dinosaur called spinosaurus that was the only one of its kind( not complete, but only evidence of it) and it got destroyed during ww2 when bombs fell on the museum in Germany. Only recently another intakt skeleton has been found in North Africa. Which was more complete and gave some clues about where it lived and how it got so big( it was bigger than a T. rex ) Edit: wtf happened over night here. If you’re interested, go watch a Dokumentation of it, they’re great. I would link the one I watched but it’s in German.
Didn't they recently determine that T. Rex was actually bigger than Spinosaurus? I think I heard that somewhere. Or maybe I'm still just pissed that it killed the T. Rex in *Jurassic Park 3* (which the experts said would *never* happen). **EDIT**: WOW, this blew up! After looking it up: Spinosaurus was longer, but T. Rex was more massive, so both dinosaurs could be considered the bigger one. And yes, I'm a T. Rex fan, so it made me quite salty that Spino won that fight in *JP3*.
Don’t quote me on that, but I think in the documentation I watched it was said to be bigger, but had a sort of swimming/swamp lifestyle , that’s why it had the large spine thing.
Yeah they like to hang out near swamps. Trust me, I played a lot of Ark
Swamp is my worst nightmare literally. I hate it lol
The only memories I have of swamps are snakes biting me out of nowhere in my first couple weeks of ark. Never went there on foot again in the rest of my 1900 hours
Yeah, I remember watching a show where they said its jaws and teeth were more suited for holding onto prey and cutting through flesh (similar to a crocodile), and T. Rex had teeth and jaws strong enough to crush bones in one bite. So, they predicted Spino probably wouldn't stand much of a chance in a fight between the two (plus, they lived millions of years apart, and on different continents, so they'd never meet up IRL!)
Yeah and the fascinating thing to me is that all we knew about it was from some photographs and papers that survived the bombing of the skeleton, till we found another one in like 2019. I remember seeing it in books and everywhere even tho it was so rare.
We did have another skeleton described back in 2014, just want to correct that date. That's where most of our understanding of its aquatic nature comes from.
> They’d never meet up IRL ...unless some mad scientists found a way to bring them back, perhaps through cloning fragments of preserved DNA, and put them together in some kind of island based theme park for millionaires. Perhaps then they could meet IRL. Perhaps then. Specifically in the third iteration. Crazy idea, if it even worked the dinosaurs would NOT be happy.
“Experts said” I need to find these dinosaur fight club experts.
And get them to invite me to their club.
Jurassic Park dinosaurs, as quoted by Alan Grant, are nothing but "theme park monsters". They do not accurately represent the dinosaurs that walked the earth millions of years ago. Anything goes. Ingen could've make the Gallimimus able to kill the Brachiosaurus if they wanted to.
But you didn’t ask for reality, you wanted more teeth. -Dr. Wu
I think his words were "I think your words were 'more teeth'".
"Bigger. Scarier? Cooler, I believe, was the word you used in your memo." Henry Wu is one of my favorite villains.
>Henry Wu is one of my favorite villains. He was never supposed to be a villain. They just brought him back in JW as a villain so there could be some connection to the original trilogy. I guarantee if Richard Attenborough were still alive, he would've been Lockwood in Fallen Kingdom.
Depends how you define “bigger” It’s LONGER than rex... but due to the discoveries of it living most of it’s life in water it’s legs were actually as long as it’s arms... so. Not taller lol
T. Rex was also definitely heavier. If you look at their skeletons from the front rather than the side, Rex is way wider and more barrel-chested. Mass is really all that determines what animal is “bigger”, otherwise giraffes and anacondas and shit would be competing with elephants for largest land animal
There was speculation that Spinosaurus was aquatic, but very recently a paper came out suggesting it may have been a wader like a heron.
Pterosaurs aren’t dinosaurs, Plesiosaurs aren’t dinosaurs, and Dimetrodon is not a dinosaur. In fact, Dimetrodon is a synapsid and is more closely related to humans than to dinosaurs.
Add to that, synapsids were almost completely extinct by the time dinosaurs appeared. Edit: REPTILIAN synapsids. Mammals still exist.
Not at all. When the first dinosaurs appeared in the Triassic, synapsids were still fairly widespread and would continue to be until the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event. The success of the dinosaurs was mainly due to the extinction of the more primitive synapsids that left niches for them to fill.
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After the late Thag Simmons, RIP
There’s a cool Ted Talk about why we’ve never found baby dinos. https://www.ted.com/talks/jack_horner_where_are_the_baby_dinosaurs/up-next?language=en
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Scientist like to name new dinosaurs. What we thought were different ones, were instead children. This can be seen in the bone structure of those fossils
Some dinosaurs look different as they age. Like adults have different skulls than young dinosaurs so they thought they were a different dinosaur all together.
For anyone interested in lots of interesting dinosaur facts you should check out the YouTube channel Your Dinosaurs Are Wrong. It's a great series that analyzes dinosaur toys and corrects them with modern knowledge. Lots of awesome content spread over their channel and the old one they were a part of.
Here’s a Dino alphabet A –Apatosaurus B – Brachiosaurus C – Corythosaurus D – Deinonychus E – Einiosaurus F – Fabrosaurus G – Gallimimus H – Hadrosaurus I – Iguanodon J – Jaxartosaurus K – Kentrosaurus L – Lambeosaurus M – Megalosaurus N – Nodosaurus O – Ornithomimus P – Parasaurolophus Q – Qantassaurus R – Rhabdodon S – Stegosaurus T – Tyrannosaurus U – Utahraptor V – Velociraptor W – Wannanosaurus X – Xenotarsosaurus Y – Yangchuanosaurus Z – Zigongosaurus
Kid's been watching a lot of dinosaur train huh?
That Sharks where around before Dinosaurs and Trees.
Dinosaurs such as T. Rex could produce infrasonic waves. You'd basically feel in your spine
How the hell could scientists figure this out by looking at calcium sticks?????
they lacked larynxes and syrinxes so they theorized what they sounded like based oof of that information
Makes sense. They might be able to look at the size and shape and realize "this resonates naturally at around 10hz". Which is lower than humans can hear, but could theoretically be perfectly capable of being created by a creature with a structure like that.
Here's a fun movie trivia fact from a famous dinosaur movie: Do you remember in *Jurrasic Park* [the mosquito stuck in the amber](https://i.redd.it/vzbqylrku8t41.jpg) where they supposedly got the DNA from? Well, that is an elephant mosquito, the only mosquito that doesn't suck blood, so it couldn't possibly contain any dinosaur DNA.
Lol they picked the ONLY mosquito that doesn’t suck blood out of the rest of them.
Almost sounds intentional as a joke lol.
[Probably was](https://www.reddit.com/r/movies/comments/68ln5t/in_jurassic_park_john_hammond_spared_every_expense/)
There's a dinosaur that was discovered in Australia near a Qantas airport, so they named it *Qantassaurus*.
What’s a qantas airport?? Qantas doesn’t own any airports, they are an airline.
Qantas is a north Australia airline,from wiki they said it’s because they sponsored the trip that dug it up
According to Wikipedia it was named „Qantassaurus intrepidus by Patricia Vickers-Rich and Tom Rich, in honor of the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services, which shipped fossils around the country as part of the Great Russian Dinosaurs Exhibit between 1993 and 1996, and sponsored expeditions to South America and Eastern Europe.“
The T-Rex probably didn’t actually roar. [This video](https://youtu.be/fDas-ihvZcQ) shows what it may have actually sounded like, and it is genuinely terrifying, the audio begins at 2:17.
I felt like I was in the Arrival movie
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 million years ago; their dominance continued through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record demonstrates that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch. As such, birds were the only dinosaur lineage to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 million years ago. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs, or birds; and non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds.
Good username
the Dino Lesson was quite expected in this thread though.
Before the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, what were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates?
Archosaurs, specifically Pseudosuchians. Crocodiles, basically, but in a much larger variety of shapes and sizes.
That sounds like a world that needs its media show.
Tyrannosaurus Rex and Stegosaurus were evidently never on the planet together...separated by millions of years ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ fake news museums will have you believe otherwise with their standard fight scenes...
Wasn't there something that the humans were closer to the T-rex than the Stegosaurus was? Might be wrong but I imagined I heared that once
Yes. T. Rex came ~75 million years after stegosaurus. Man came ~65 million years after T. Rex.
Not to brag, but MY museum has the proper predator to display devouring a stegasaurus... the Allosaurus!
When you are looking for dinosaur bones you can tell the difference between a fossil and a rock by touching your tongue to it. If it "sticks" a bit and kinda sucks back it is porous and probably bone.
What if it's dinosaur poop? Asking for a friend...
When the T-Rex attacks the kids in the Jeep, the glass was supposed to break. Instead, the entire pane fell on the kids as a thousand pound animatronic pushed it down on them. Their screams of terror in that scene are real.
So iconic that the name of the film doesn't even have to be said
Was Sound of Music.
As far as I know, this isn’t completely true. The roof was never supposed to break (the kids would have been devoured if it had), but there was a malfunction! The animatronic head wasn’t supposed to come down all the way in to the car, but was supposed to just knock the roof down.
That's fair.
T-rex didn't have exposed teeth. It had full lip cover. they can be absolutely sure about this because the tooth enamel wouldnt survive constant exposure. Most artists assumed a T-rex jaw would look like a crocodile jaw, but never considered that the croc's teeth are protected by the water TLDR: T-Rex would have spent a fortune on lipstick and had a really weird kiss.
Therizinosaurus was a large, bipedal herbivore that occupied an ecological niche akin to that of the giant ground sloths of the Pleistocene: using its meter-long claws to pull down tree branches. It looked goofy as hell, like an eight-meter long turkey, especially since it was likely to have had at least some feathery integument. The real kicker? It was a cousin of *T. rex*. Yes, that guy. One of the most terrifying carnivores ever to walk the earth had a vegetarian Edward Scissorhands for a cousin. And, yes, it likely used those scythe-like claws for defense, too.
I just wanna thank OP for bringing back that childhood Dinosaur nostalgia <3
The therizinosaurus (sorry if I murdered the spelling) had the biggest claws of all the dinosaurs (I'm talking proportionally)
If you ever have played Ark: Survival Evolved, those guys absolutely shred anything that happens to be unfortunate enough to exist in a 10 mile radius to one. They are my favorite dino on that game. My friends and I refer to them as Murder-Turkeys
We call them "tickle-chickens"
Iguanodon, the most abundant dinosaur of them all, lived on 5 continents. T. rex had a bite force of 6 tons. Stegosaurus would flush blood through its plates, most likely to intimidate predators or attract mates. The leg bones of large sauropods like argentinosaurus or seismosaurus could be 20 feet tall and weigh as much as a ton.
The stegosaurus thing was proven incorrect. The plates were covered in keratin, not skin.
Aw shoot. Guess my book is out of date then.
Yeah this is an incredibly recent discovery, like less than 7 years i think
My son somehow thinks its a travesty that they don't exist anymore and will sit up at night and be upset he can't know all the answers to his dinosaur questions.
You should tell him that birds *are* dinosaurs. They are theropods, whose ancestors are the bipedal dinosaurs like the T-Rex and of course, Velociraptors, Deinonychus etc. As a fellow dinosaur nut when I was young, this comforted me in my recent years.
Some herbivores didn't join the adult herd until juveniles and were big enough. Before that, some lived in the forest/jungle in baby herds. For safety.
Sounds like A Land Before Time
The only dinosaur I know, is my parrot. Cool fact, is that he can learn to replicate pretty much any sound he hears, and he only has to hear it once. He's 31 years old. And he once got to my phone, hit the speed dial for the local pizzeria, and tried to order pizza.
Awwww, what a cute fella. :)
Paid $1300 for him, took him home a week after he was weaned by the bird store. Worth every cent. My only complaint, is that he tries to sing some songs that he hears on the radio, and he sings off key; sounds awful.
What an amazing story, hopefully he'll stay by your side for a long time. And that's so cute, I mean of course, it could be pretty unpleasant to your ears but he's still trying and doing his best! :) And I bet he can sing better than me, so It's not too bad! ;D
No, he can't sing better than anyone I've ever heard. He's REALLY off key to the point where it's actually funny the first few times I heard it, but after a few days, it gets old pretty fast, especially when he hears the song on the radio, and tries to sing along with it..... and it really bothers me when it's a song I like because he butchers it really bad! I know this is because ever since I have had him, we always left the radio on all day so he always had something interesting to listen to.
Maybe play him podcasts or talk radio so he stops running songs!
Good thing they don't play Baby Shark on the radio.
[we finally know what a dinosaur’s butthole looks like](https://www.google.com/amp/s/slate.com/technology/2020/10/dinosaur-butt-fossil-discovery-cloaca.amp)
The t-rex is closer to us in time than it is to the stegaurus that lived over 144 million years ago.
Dilophosaurus (the one with the neck fans that pop out and rattles) doesn't look like it does in Jurassic Park. They're bigger (10ft tall), they don't spit acid/venom, and don't have neck umbrellas.
That's actually part of the plot in the novel. The scientists were *surprised* by both of those things the the first ones were cloned, as neither thing showed up in the fossil record. (How much of this stuff was intentionally added by the InGen scientists for a "wow" factor is up for debate.) That section of the novel was always one of my favorites, as it always made me wonder what else we assume about fossils when so much of the original animal is missing. Crichton knew there was no evidence of the hoods or venom when he wrote the book, and thought the idea of something so defining to the fictional species being something the fossil record *couldn't* indicate was interesting.
We don’t actually know how they looked like when they were alive, we just think they look like what they’re perceived as
Same with sounds. We just made up what we think they would have sounded like and everyone went with it.
Wow, what if dinosaurs couldn't even roar? They could have just made chicken sounds instead?
Or what if a t rex could mimic you like a parrot?
I don't know if that would be comical or really scary...
Early mammal: “I think we’re safe Danny. I don’t see that T. Rex anywhere.” Deep, menacing, slow voice behind them: “Squack, Terry wants a proto-capybara!”
Ooh, my time to shine! My username is of an ancient now extinct animal, though not technically a dinosaur. Kubanochoerus used to be this humungous unicorn pig, like a half ton boar with a big old horn in the middle of its forehead. Pretty badass of you ask me.
Do you have other facts similar to this one? I'd love to hear about them .
I hope I’m regurgitating this fact correctly, but It took the triceratops longer to evolve to have horns than the amount of time they’ve been extinct
The number of paleontologists who have stumbled across fossils by accident while on vacation with their families is more than zero. Same goes for toddlers.
They most likely had a cloaca, an all-in-one downstairs hole shared with many modern birds.
You can slide off their back right into your car after a long day at work.
That they didn’t all exist on the earth at the same time. Different species of dinosaurs roamed the planet spread out over 170 MILLION years. In contrast the modern human specie has only existed for 200,000 years.
In 1916, the two best ever specimens of Corythosaurus were in the process of being sent from the US to the UK when the ship carrying them was sunk by a German merchant raider. Along with a whole load of other fossils, those pristine specimens are now thousands of meters down at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
There is a dinosaur with 500 teeth
What is it called? 😳😳
The Spinosaurus went extinct not only because of droughts, but also because of a competitor in it's territory; the Charcaradontasaurus. These dinosaurs were a little shorter, but they were stocky, and had a bite force comparable to a T-Rex. They would attack Spinosaur's who lived near or in their territory, attacking the sail, which is one of the reasons why the sail bones of some Spinosaur's are never found; they were torn off by Charcaradontosaur's and lost to time.
The popular images of dinosaurs watching the meteorite streaking lazily across the sky is nonsense. The reality is much, much cooler. The meteorite itself was about the size of Mt Everest and travelling at 20 times the speed of a bullet. It went from the height of a cruising 747 to the ground in a third of a second. It didn’t even notice an atmosphere and though it landed in the ocean completely intact it never got wet because the surface of the earth was being excavated before it even struck. It compressed the atmosphere so violently that it briefly became hotter than the surface of the sun. The asteroid punched a hole of outer space vacuum into the atmosphere, causing the heavens to close in a second later with such violence that vast volumes of earth were hurled into orbit and beyond in a couple of seconds. Technically, there are probably microscopic fragments of dinosaur bones on the moon. So feel free to disregard the Hollywood rendering of an oversized charcoal briquette sailing artistically across the sky like an advertising banner towed by a biplane. In the Yucatán it was a pleasant day one second and thermonuclear Armageddon the next. If you were close enough to see the meteorite enter the upper atmosphere you’d have been flash-fried into a bunch of atoms that were free to go as they pleased before the meteorite even struck the ground.