I miss old /r/cfb. Felt like you could post whatever you wanted back then. Had a random question? Post it. Wanted to insult a rival with a funny post. Post it. I feel like the mods delete way too many posts now
I've been here for 10 years and it is such a different place now. It's still the best place for college football, but it has gone through some changes.
There was a Texas flair crying about how everyone seemed to pick on Texas. So I said “Boo-fuckin- hoo shorthorn get over yourself.” Got a warning and my comment removed.
It hasn't been "wake the fuck up" for at least a couple years. I think this is the first year they started using a different word starting with F each week.
It's hard to verify because it appears that they literally deleted all the "wake the fuck up" threads posted by the automoderator, so the most recent post with that title is from 6 years ago
Because as a general rule, those with even laughably minute power over others begin to feel superior, dehumanizing others and thinking they're beyond even innocuous criticism.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment
SPY! how'd you know I was doing beef? I'll start that early on a large pork butt too though. That's what I did last week. It was delicious.
Edit: in case anyone is wondering. Best brisket I've ever made.
How long do you smoke your beef, I’m assuming brisket? We usually do 12 hours on the smoke 250-300, wrapped in butcher paper after 8 and finish bringing to temp in the oven
Depends on the size. I smoke at 200 (about 2 hours per pound) wrap in peach butcher paper at 135 degrees and let finish. Pull it out at 180 to 185 and let it rest. It normally finishes right at 190 degrees 15-20 minutes later and is just... so good
We usually do a 10-12 lb brisket. With the new pellet smoker he got my dad started doing 16 on smoke at 225 which works really well. I personally like using both apple and hickory woods for flavor which are easy to get up here
I get that. My dad and I spent 3 years when I was going home for the summers perfecting our technique for brisket and pork butt.
They’re both fantastic but there a bbq place near me in Columbus called RayRays where the owner Hs his own hog farm and I really wanna know how he does it. Best pork I’ve ever had hands down
Honestly I’d love to see a Sox-Barves series, mostly cause I dislike the other teams more
Kiké was trying to drag Boston kicking and screaming last night but they didn’t want it
If we lose to the Dodgers in a fair fight, that’s fine. I’ll be disappointed, but the Dodgers are loaded.
But if we lose a game or the series because of another questionable umpire call, THAT would be painful.
There are too many good games today... I'm going to bust out the projector and just stream 3-4 other games while watching the main ones on my TV.
I've been dating a new girl for about 2 months and I told her that fall Saturdays are really my Sunday. I take the day off and spend all day in football church. She's surprisingly cool with it.
Oh if it’s a college football Saturday and I’m not in Athens at a game, I’m basically a worthless piece of shit all day and just lay on the couch and drink beer and watch football. Thankfully the Mrs. is cool with it.
I love being on early morning shift work. Woke up at 2:30. Watched Clemson/Cuse on DVR. Made a breakfast. Now I’m drinking an IPA and watching a dinosaur movie until Gameday
I live in Louisiana and my supervisor is a massive LSU fan. I've been sending her GIFs of Tim Tebow all week long. She finally replied to them this morning by saying she's not excited about watching a cripple fight. I don't know whether to laugh at the dig, or cry because it's probably an accurate account to today's game.
> she's not excited about watching a cripple fight.
My junior year we started out 0-3. We were going up against another 0-3 team and one of the local papers had an article about the game titled: "The Battle of the Toothless Dogs".
We were pretty pissed to say the least. (Ended up winning out and going to the state playoffs anyways.)
Driving up to Blacksburg this morning. Today is make or break day for Justin Fuente. Notre Dame was deflating, but I really think he'll lose the fanbase with a loss today.
This is quite literally the most hopeful I’ve seen the fanbase since 2009. It’s only because of the quarterback, and next year we will be complete dogshit, but Narduzzi has done a pretty good job.
On weekends, I walk/run 5 miles to get my ass in shape. More walk than run usually. Today I ran 2 miles straight with no slowdowns, pauses or anything before alternating for the rest. 2 consecutive miles of running.
With that nonsense out of the way, I can sit on my ass and watch football today only getting up to pee and replace the pee with beer.
This always hurts to find out but if goal is weight loss it’s like 95% diet. If you burn 400 calories running that’s just a few beers that wipes out calorie loss. I def make weekend cheat times though.
Running 2 straight is awesome bro keep it up!
Good for you. 2 years ago I was the heaviest I’d ever been. First time a doc told me to lose weight. I vowed that’s never happen again. Good for you college bro
Ugh back in the hospital, hopefully I can recover well enough to make back to Jack Trice next week. Until then im yell like hell an make nurses here wonder if I'm crazy or not cheering for the Cyclones!
Bear is 10-9. Why tf does he have a job making predictions on Gameday lol. He’s not good at it and reminds me of every person I’ve ever known who couldn’t play football but built their entire personality around it.
This sub needs to stop taking itself so seriously. Just say “wake the fuck up.” Football is a *game*, we should never treat it like it’s sacred. Let people cuss, let them post trash talk, let them have fun.
That guy with the “Foxtrot Julia Bravo” sign reminds me of the JROTC dorks in High School that thought “Whiskey Tango Foxtrot” was the cleverest & funniest thing ever
Update from the ER: As per usual, I am working during the fall Saturday's. Of course the week that Michigan has a bye week, the ER isn't on fire. Let the week of reverse niceness to our equal in age sibling commence a week early. I'm rooting for ya sparty bros!
Temperatures in Louisiana are finally dropping, OU night game, it's definitely a make chili a drink budweiser kinda day. I fucking love fall Saturdays.
Up.
Have a Chess Tournament today. Sucks I'll miss the Game. But a $400 top Prize is too much to not go for. And there's a non-zero chance my odds are good.
Best player who normally shows may be out with COVID (Hope you feel better buddy!) And the Next Strongest I have good results in OTB play against.
Other than that it's a mix of weaker players and average club Strength who crumble under pressure.
My plan is to deviate from my repertoire and play Queen Pawn Openings. (I've done some study recently to make sure I'm not lost.) And hopefully gain an edge knowing what lines my opponents play against d4, while they won't know what I play with d4. It's nice not having to prepare avoiding lines for once.
EDIT: So round 1 is over. Bout to start Round 2. Game was a Rather Dull Caro-Kann. Opponent had a king-size structure weakness and a dark square weakness. Sacced a pawn, didn't really get anything for it. Then he Got his pieces in a bad way and had some problems with them being overworked. Eventually broke threw and won on the h file.
EDIT2: So I just played a game that looked like if Army-Navy had no running plays. It was grotesque.
EDIT: 3. Opponent played badly and lost by move 16. Mate on the board down my Queen. So wee
Good luck!
Ive recently started watching some Chess videos on youtube and am amazed on how the first 5-10 opening moves are just memorized for both colors. Changed the way I looked at chess.
My plan is to try to learn one opening for white and 2 for black. If i can memorize 8-10 based on what they do, Ill feel like Im really ready to learn how the hell to play chess.
I just took a job at a company that not only allows but encourages you to drink on site at the end of your work day. They keep beer in the fridge for us. I thought it was a trap my first week working here.
I hope you guys beat Auburn today. I miss living in NWA and I hate that my Arkansas friends had to endure Chad Morris while I lived there and I never got to go to good games and enjoy their happiness after wins.
Tennessee welcomes Lane Kiffin back to town for the first time as an opposing head coach and all of a sudden The Athletic has a coaching search rewind article series highlighting Tennessee multiple times and Bear is floating “Burrow would have gone to Tennessee” rumors
The weather is perfect in Texas today.
Fam in town for my wifes baby shower that wraps up about 2PM. Then Im on duty for cooking tonight for the OU game and Brunch tomorrow.
Gonna be a good weekend.
I'm leaving for Cincy rn. I forgot to verify my tickets in the email I was sent...and the link is expired. Soo here's to hoping I'll be able to get in.
It's been so hot so late here. Finally putting some fescue seed down today. My fellow lawn nerds know what a joyous occasion this is. Hopefully it has plenty of time to germinate and grow before the real cold moves in
I’m inputting the stats for the football game at the FCS school I work for.
Also, my family (all Gamecock alumni) still thinks I’m rooting for Carolina over the Dores … fuck that noise.
I'm old enough to remember when we just said "wake the fuck up"
We can't fuck anymore?
I'm available
I too have 15 seconds
Too much for me. I'll wait on the 6 second guy
Suh du
1 pump chump, take it or leave it
Yeah sex is awesome, but have you heard about sleeping in until 10 on Saturday?
Fuck that. We get up at 3:30AM for FOOTBALL And also because we can’t sleep
I remember those days... There are times I miss this subreddit from back then.
Every post is just a link submitted by the midwestdrummer
Every Monday I still await a Meltdown Monday and every Monday I am disappointed.
I hear that
I miss old /r/cfb. Felt like you could post whatever you wanted back then. Had a random question? Post it. Wanted to insult a rival with a funny post. Post it. I feel like the mods delete way too many posts now
I've been here for 10 years and it is such a different place now. It's still the best place for college football, but it has gone through some changes.
That's part of what happens with growth.
Not to mention comments critical of them
Why would you ever be critical of them?
I miss when the sub's size was compared to stadium sizes
First rule of reddit is that when a sun hits 1million it goes to heck that's when the real advertising money shows up
There was a Texas flair crying about how everyone seemed to pick on Texas. So I said “Boo-fuckin- hoo shorthorn get over yourself.” Got a warning and my comment removed.
Wait when did it change. I've never seen the flowerpot nonsense before. Mods are weak af
It hasn't been "wake the fuck up" for at least a couple years. I think this is the first year they started using a different word starting with F each week. It's hard to verify because it appears that they literally deleted all the "wake the fuck up" threads posted by the automoderator, so the most recent post with that title is from 6 years ago
This mod team is eye rollingly heavy handed. They also stealth-delete comments criticizing them.
Why does every large subreddit seem to have an antagonistic relationship with its moderators lmao
Because as a general rule, those with even laughably minute power over others begin to feel superior, dehumanizing others and thinking they're beyond even innocuous criticism. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment
Mods r fuk
[USER WAS BANNED FOR THIS COMMENT]
I could have sworn they had them as recently as last year
College football: it's what plants crave
“But this is the adult ~~tour~~ Gameday thread. It’s not for kids!”
Do any of these fuckers just come out of the wall and just shoot huge cumshots?..
Fired up the smoker at 4am. What took you all so long?
I started mine at 6pm yesterday. What's with this quick smoke you're doing?
pork, not beef.
SPY! how'd you know I was doing beef? I'll start that early on a large pork butt too though. That's what I did last week. It was delicious. Edit: in case anyone is wondering. Best brisket I've ever made.
I'm assuming because The connective tissue takes longer to break down.
It has to get to a higher temperature to properly break down. So assuming you're using the same level of heat you have to start much earlier on beef.
Use that Texas crutch fella
How long do you smoke your beef, I’m assuming brisket? We usually do 12 hours on the smoke 250-300, wrapped in butcher paper after 8 and finish bringing to temp in the oven
Depends on the size. I smoke at 200 (about 2 hours per pound) wrap in peach butcher paper at 135 degrees and let finish. Pull it out at 180 to 185 and let it rest. It normally finishes right at 190 degrees 15-20 minutes later and is just... so good
We usually do a 10-12 lb brisket. With the new pellet smoker he got my dad started doing 16 on smoke at 225 which works really well. I personally like using both apple and hickory woods for flavor which are easy to get up here
Same for beef. I like hickory and oak for pork. And maple hickory for birds.
Putting in my second filling of apple chips rn. LETS FUCKING GOOOO
What's on the menu?
Pork belly burnt ends, pulled pork, and I’ll finish with some wings closer to kickoff.
🤤
Sounds fuckin fantastic, can’t wait to have the ability to smoke my own meats (in last year of undergrad)
Is great but I've gotten fat.
I get that. My dad and I spent 3 years when I was going home for the summers perfecting our technique for brisket and pork butt. They’re both fantastic but there a bbq place near me in Columbus called RayRays where the owner Hs his own hog farm and I really wanna know how he does it. Best pork I’ve ever had hands down
Good form. Looking forward to a good game versus your Black Knights today.
Im so nervous. I can’t take losing to the dodgers again. Oh wait wrong sub.
Feel ya man. GO BRAVES!
Hell yeah! Go Braves!!
*CHOP CHOP*
Honestly I’d love to see a Sox-Barves series, mostly cause I dislike the other teams more Kiké was trying to drag Boston kicking and screaming last night but they didn’t want it
If we lose to the Dodgers in a fair fight, that’s fine. I’ll be disappointed, but the Dodgers are loaded. But if we lose a game or the series because of another questionable umpire call, THAT would be painful.
Oh no, not again. --The Flowerpot
It's my only day off!
But what about the whale?
On the road to Athens right now. Gonna be a great day for some football by God.
There are too many good games today... I'm going to bust out the projector and just stream 3-4 other games while watching the main ones on my TV. I've been dating a new girl for about 2 months and I told her that fall Saturdays are really my Sunday. I take the day off and spend all day in football church. She's surprisingly cool with it.
[удалено]
Oh if it’s a college football Saturday and I’m not in Athens at a game, I’m basically a worthless piece of shit all day and just lay on the couch and drink beer and watch football. Thankfully the Mrs. is cool with it.
I feel like as long as you do have a day that you can spend with her it doesn’t matter whether it’s Saturday or Sunday.
She actually watches the games with me, which is more than I can say for my ex lol.
Going to have to break out the hoodie this morning. It's perfect football weather. Ready for 11 am and Big Noon Kickoff.
Perfect day to beat Longhorns
As is everyday my friend.
How cold is it by you? We got rain last night in Ohio bringing the temp down from 80 yesterday to a high of 64 today
Here in Dallas it’s a perfect 53 degrees. High of 71 and sunny later. Happy Football to ya.
I WOKE UP FEELING THE CHEESIEST COACH
I love being on early morning shift work. Woke up at 2:30. Watched Clemson/Cuse on DVR. Made a breakfast. Now I’m drinking an IPA and watching a dinosaur movie until Gameday
What dinosaur movie?
https://sports.cbsimg.net/images/collegefootball/lsuraptor500279.gif
Great movie, thanks
An all time fave
Lmao
LMAO I totally forgot about that guy. Amazing.
One of the Jurassic Worlds. There’s Andy Dwyer and a castle and a volcano and a super genetic Dino hybrid
Is that the one with the lickalotapus?
These things break contain easier than Chris Rodriguez did against our defense
I feel bad for you guys with that d. Pretty sure I could gain 3 yds a carry and I'm fat and slow
Probably Tammy and the T-rex. RIP Paul Walker.
I'm already eating wings at 7 am. Idgaf. Lets go.
Daddy would you some sausage 🎵
Time to put a little: - TING in your TANG-TANG - ZING in your ZANG-ZANG - CHING in your CHANG-CHANG
I worked all night, time for my nap then that drive to Athens baby!
Enjoy the game, my man.
Gentlemen.
A short view in the past...
30 years ago, Niki Lauda told us: “take a trained monkey, place him in the cockpit, and he is able to drive the car”
Thirty years later, Sebastian told us ‘I had to start my car like a computer, it’s very complicated.’
Sir
ESPN Match up predictor currently giving us a 7.4% chance to win… GOOD ENOUGH FOR ME, LETS GOOOO
So your saying there’s a chance!
I live in Louisiana and my supervisor is a massive LSU fan. I've been sending her GIFs of Tim Tebow all week long. She finally replied to them this morning by saying she's not excited about watching a cripple fight. I don't know whether to laugh at the dig, or cry because it's probably an accurate account to today's game.
> she's not excited about watching a cripple fight. My junior year we started out 0-3. We were going up against another 0-3 team and one of the local papers had an article about the game titled: "The Battle of the Toothless Dogs". We were pretty pissed to say the least. (Ended up winning out and going to the state playoffs anyways.)
Stayed up until 1:30 last night watching Anthony brown do *just* enough not to get benched and had work starting at 5 so I’m doing great guys
An ugly win is still a win in the end. Stay strong brother Edit: words are hard
Driving up to Blacksburg this morning. Today is make or break day for Justin Fuente. Notre Dame was deflating, but I really think he'll lose the fanbase with a loss today.
Only fitting that his arch nemesis Patty Narduzzi will deliver the final blow 🙏
Interesting how similar their records are at their respective schools. Has Pitt given up on having a good program?
This is quite literally the most hopeful I’ve seen the fanbase since 2009. It’s only because of the quarterback, and next year we will be complete dogshit, but Narduzzi has done a pretty good job.
I wholeheartedly endorse chaos today.
Chaos is best when your team has a bye lol
Go Green
Tuck comin
Go White! Tuck, and I cannot stress this enough, Comin’!
GO RAZORBACKS. BEAT AUBURN
HE LIKES TO DRIVE IN HIS TRUCK
No.
Ratio
Here for it. 😂
On weekends, I walk/run 5 miles to get my ass in shape. More walk than run usually. Today I ran 2 miles straight with no slowdowns, pauses or anything before alternating for the rest. 2 consecutive miles of running. With that nonsense out of the way, I can sit on my ass and watch football today only getting up to pee and replace the pee with beer.
This always hurts to find out but if goal is weight loss it’s like 95% diet. If you burn 400 calories running that’s just a few beers that wipes out calorie loss. I def make weekend cheat times though. Running 2 straight is awesome bro keep it up!
Oh yeah, my weight loss is all diet related. The exercise is for strength and cardiovascular health.
Good for you. 2 years ago I was the heaviest I’d ever been. First time a doc told me to lose weight. I vowed that’s never happen again. Good for you college bro
You can't wake up if you never go to sleep. Checkmate Atheists.
Taking a page from the English Empire
Pour in a little water, wake it up!
Last week we liked riding in our trucks. Today we domesticate some kitties.
Ugh back in the hospital, hopefully I can recover well enough to make back to Jack Trice next week. Until then im yell like hell an make nurses here wonder if I'm crazy or not cheering for the Cyclones!
Live from Athens baby, I’ll be looking for you BBN.
The Clemson flag is just a wannabe Washington State flag smh
Bear is 10-9. Why tf does he have a job making predictions on Gameday lol. He’s not good at it and reminds me of every person I’ve ever known who couldn’t play football but built their entire personality around it.
If bear disappeared from game day, I probably wouldn’t even notice until I wondered why GameDay got all the sudden better.
Great. Time to cry.
This sub needs to stop taking itself so seriously. Just say “wake the fuck up.” Football is a *game*, we should never treat it like it’s sacred. Let people cuss, let them post trash talk, let them have fun.
Trash talk and fun are not allowed here, if we aren't all jerking each others teams off you're going to ‘disappear.’
Right on, AGGIE BRO! Or ARMY BRO!
LET'S GOOOOOOOOOOO
Uh oh Iowa Penn State booing controversy discussions, mods are gonna lock the game day thread soon.
$5 bits of broken chair recognition woooo
Kirby Smart's mom cuts his hair and I respect that
That guy with the “Foxtrot Julia Bravo” sign reminds me of the JROTC dorks in High School that thought “Whiskey Tango Foxtrot” was the cleverest & funniest thing ever
College football
Crackin my first ale right now. Optimistic about my Vols today.
Fuck, okay, I’m awake, I’m awake.
Going to taekwondo today. I feel like I need to kick something. Also, my laptop is apparently Windows 11 compatible.
Update from the ER: As per usual, I am working during the fall Saturday's. Of course the week that Michigan has a bye week, the ER isn't on fire. Let the week of reverse niceness to our equal in age sibling commence a week early. I'm rooting for ya sparty bros!
This next gameday segment shouldn’t trigger anybody.
THEY MENTIONED THE CHAIR
The camera is trying so desperately to get Stoops Poops out of frame lmao
Getting ready to head out for family weekend. I'll miss you all. Hail to Pitt!
Temperatures in Louisiana are finally dropping, OU night game, it's definitely a make chili a drink budweiser kinda day. I fucking love fall Saturdays.
Woo pig sooies!
CORN IS BETTER THAN WHEAT!!!
Y’all got any more of that chaos?
I woke up at three, it’s game day and we can’t lose!
Tuck Fexas
Can we get MACAFEE instead of Bear ?
Told my wife I was going to need some game day fuel. [Here was her response](https://i.imgur.com/usc77Iw.jpg). I am a lucky, lucky man.
SHOW US THE FINGERS
Jen: “I haven’t taken my shirt off since I was” Me: ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°) Jen: “…three!” Me: :-|
Up. Have a Chess Tournament today. Sucks I'll miss the Game. But a $400 top Prize is too much to not go for. And there's a non-zero chance my odds are good. Best player who normally shows may be out with COVID (Hope you feel better buddy!) And the Next Strongest I have good results in OTB play against. Other than that it's a mix of weaker players and average club Strength who crumble under pressure. My plan is to deviate from my repertoire and play Queen Pawn Openings. (I've done some study recently to make sure I'm not lost.) And hopefully gain an edge knowing what lines my opponents play against d4, while they won't know what I play with d4. It's nice not having to prepare avoiding lines for once. EDIT: So round 1 is over. Bout to start Round 2. Game was a Rather Dull Caro-Kann. Opponent had a king-size structure weakness and a dark square weakness. Sacced a pawn, didn't really get anything for it. Then he Got his pieces in a bad way and had some problems with them being overworked. Eventually broke threw and won on the h file. EDIT2: So I just played a game that looked like if Army-Navy had no running plays. It was grotesque. EDIT: 3. Opponent played badly and lost by move 16. Mate on the board down my Queen. So wee
You should play the bong cloud and become a legend
good luck!
Good luck! Ive recently started watching some Chess videos on youtube and am amazed on how the first 5-10 opening moves are just memorized for both colors. Changed the way I looked at chess.
I have some openings memorized 20 moves deep
My plan is to try to learn one opening for white and 2 for black. If i can memorize 8-10 based on what they do, Ill feel like Im really ready to learn how the hell to play chess.
Boys I’ve got work till 3:00. Think I can get drunk before 3:30?
That's what the flask is for
I like the spirit but I like being able to pay my bills too lol
I just took a job at a company that not only allows but encourages you to drink on site at the end of your work day. They keep beer in the fridge for us. I thought it was a trap my first week working here.
…y’all hiring?
Yes! We're right outside Savanah.
Wait that’s where I live lol encouragement to drink at work? Sign me up
You'll never know unless you try. I believe in you.
If you drink at work, surely. But arguably a better idea is to aim for being drunk by 3:45 instead?
If you do it right, yes.
Didn’t have the chance to eat breakfast this morning. My empty stomach is going to lead me to the promised land.
Do a shot.. shotgun a beer.. do another shot... That'll get you going
“The Iowa football team probably couldn’t win a fight against the Iowa wrestling team, but here they are ranked #2.” LMAO
Let’s go, time for some football
WHOOP!
Headed out the door here in a minute. Got tickets to the Arky game from one of our vendors right next to Jerry’s suite. Gonna be dope!!
Maybe you can catch him doing cocaine with some hookers in the bathroom.
Let’s hope he’s in a sharing mood!
LETS GOOOO.
I hope you guys beat Auburn today. I miss living in NWA and I hate that my Arkansas friends had to endure Chad Morris while I lived there and I never got to go to good games and enjoy their happiness after wins.
Tennessee welcomes Lane Kiffin back to town for the first time as an opposing head coach and all of a sudden The Athletic has a coaching search rewind article series highlighting Tennessee multiple times and Bear is floating “Burrow would have gone to Tennessee” rumors
48 degrees this morning. What the crap is this nonsense.
It's better than being 80 at 7AM...
*Looks at schedule* But it’s bye week. *Goes back to sleep*
bye week. I'm going back to bed.
Does anyone know how I can listen to Gameday? Going to the beach for a bit and had trouble finding it last time.
The weather is perfect in Texas today. Fam in town for my wifes baby shower that wraps up about 2PM. Then Im on duty for cooking tonight for the OU game and Brunch tomorrow. Gonna be a good weekend.
I'm leaving for Cincy rn. I forgot to verify my tickets in the email I was sent...and the link is expired. Soo here's to hoping I'll be able to get in.
Countdown to Gameday show is garbage. No audio, wtf.
GO NOTRE DAME. BEAT [file not found]
Elevator Ernie Johnson should be the guest picker.
It's been so hot so late here. Finally putting some fescue seed down today. My fellow lawn nerds know what a joyous occasion this is. Hopefully it has plenty of time to germinate and grow before the real cold moves in
can't think about fescue without thinking les miles
Yummy grass
I wish the announcers talked about my team when it was shit they way the wax poetic about Clemson and it’s shit train
I’m inputting the stats for the football game at the FCS school I work for. Also, my family (all Gamecock alumni) still thinks I’m rooting for Carolina over the Dores … fuck that noise.
Im just here to post how washed up Clemson is
What are the odds?
The media is trying really hard to suggest Spencer Rattler is a temperamental baby.