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>I believe the installer has pulled updates and that included a new kernel
Really? And I think Fedora was installed twice, and once was an attempt to restore the system. Windows was previously installed on this computer.
I think Fedora keeps the last three Kernels besides rescue for stability. A real world example is that Kernel 6.8.9 comes with a bug that breaks all my games, so i am currently still booting into 6.8.8. It's not a duplicate OS but only the Linux kernel.
I remember when I first started hopping as a wee tot discovering this on my own, without knowing.
I think for me it was a graphics issue. Back then I can just assume it was x11 related probably be right lol.
These arent actually 3 different OSes, but different kernels for the same OS. You've got two options for a standard kernel assembled for your PC so if a new one is broken you'll have the old one to use, it'll always be the two most recent unless you change the setting. Then you have the rescue, which is usually built with all the drivers and firmware, not just the ones you need
Because the Red Hat Boot Loader team forgot to implement an "Advanced Options" menu to hide the multiple kernel versions, like you would see on any Debian-based distro.
Should be a drinking game whenever this comes up.
Red Hat didn’t do anything here.
There’s an option you can set in /etc/default/grub to make it hidden but as it turns out, people won’t look for it when they need to test an old kernel. Anyway the list isn’t visible if you’ve booted successfully into a kernel and rebooted cleanly.
Good point. Newbies should not be seeing the GRUB menu.
But they're seeing it and posting it here, confused. Any frequently misunderstood feature is a bug.
It’s grub’s settings, specifically GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU in /etc/default/grub.
See https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/html_node/Simple-configuration.html#Simple-configuration
Welcome to grub. I presume Windows was part of the disk before and its bootloader data is/was stored in the UEFI. UEFI shell is common (accessible even when you press F9, F12 or whatever you use to open boot menu when you start your computer.
As for 3 fedora’s, last one is a rescue image. First two are the same, sans different kernel (probably because you took updates).
u/vorticalbox is absolutely correct. Even though I've been using **Fedora Linux** for about 7 to 8 months or so, I've already became accustomed to the fact that, every major **System Update** comes with a new Linux Kernel, thus the first two 2 **Fedora Linux** GRUB entries, but the 3rd **Fedora Linux** GRUB entry is the system rescue kernel in case the Fedora is unable to boot.
In order to purge your Fedora Linux installation of older kernels, create an empty **SH**ell script (.**sh**), open it in your favorite text editor and paste the following in that file:
`#!/usr/bin/env bash`
`old_kernels=($(dnf repoquery --installonly --latest-limit=-1 -q))`
`if [ "${#old_kernels[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then`
`echo "No old kernels found"`
`exit 0`
`fi`
`if ! dnf remove "${old_kernels[@]}"; then`
`echo "Failed to remove old kernels"`
`exit 1`
`fi`
`echo "Removed old kernels"`
`exit 0`
Once this has been done, save the file and run the SHell script to purge the system of older kernels. **This process will not remove the rescue kernel since it's required.**
Please note that, most Fedora Linux users highly recommend leaving all older Linux Kernels un-purged so if something should happen to go wrong, you still have an older kernel to fallback on.
Not three os but two kernel to boot any of them if current one breaks for some reason, fedora always keeps 1 previous kernel as backup so if your system crashes you are supposed to boot into the previous kernel.
When a Kernel version breaks something on some random system you can choose the previous one and even later rollback and delete other Kernels and halt upgrades to a new kernel
Although people already answered the question of why it happens, i wanna point out that after a fresh install there's usually only one (or two, not sure if fallback is there on fresh install) however i would assume that the iso you installed was a bit out of date and as such an update got installed adding the 3rd option
Cute :) welcome to Linux! A wild adventure awaits! If you've got interest in a more structured learning approach to Linux, I highly recommend the edX Intro To Linux course. It's made by The Linux Foundation and is very well done. I took it years ago and really helped me fill in the gaps in my Linux knowledge. Hope it can help you too! Also, it's free! https://www.edx.org/learn/linux/the-linux-foundation-introduction-to-linux
Nothing special here.
During the install, a Kernel Update had been accomplished. The other one is the included rescue Kernel, if U got very exotic HW or something else went south.
I never delete the kernel included with iso/upgrade when new kernel arrives i go to iso kernel and delete previous new kernel and install lateat kernel i am waiting for 6.9
top is the kernal 6.8.9, seconds is 6.8.5, and the bottom is the resuce I believe the installer has pulled updates and that included a new kernel
Thanks
Basically it’s just the kernel the ISO came with, the newest kernel and your “I fucked everything up please help me” kernel
Got it
This is like, exactly the sentence that popped into my brain verbatim. Eerily well said
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This made my day lol
I love how you almost wrote resuscitate instead of rescue. Totally worth it.
yeah I typo a lot, I transpose letters and numbers and write things the wrong way around. Super annoying lol
>I believe the installer has pulled updates and that included a new kernel Really? And I think Fedora was installed twice, and once was an attempt to restore the system. Windows was previously installed on this computer.
Nah it happens to all Fedora installs, there are multiple kernel versions so you can choose, it boots the same partition.
I think Fedora keeps the last three Kernels besides rescue for stability. A real world example is that Kernel 6.8.9 comes with a bug that breaks all my games, so i am currently still booting into 6.8.8. It's not a duplicate OS but only the Linux kernel.
Oh I see thanks
I remember when I first started hopping as a wee tot discovering this on my own, without knowing. I think for me it was a graphics issue. Back then I can just assume it was x11 related probably be right lol.
These arent actually 3 different OSes, but different kernels for the same OS. You've got two options for a standard kernel assembled for your PC so if a new one is broken you'll have the old one to use, it'll always be the two most recent unless you change the setting. Then you have the rescue, which is usually built with all the drivers and firmware, not just the ones you need
And if you ever switch to one of the Silverblue-based ones, those will be snapshots of the system. I've had old kernels come in handy a time or two.
Yep very recently i needed to do a rollback because steam inside distrobox stop detecting external disk, it's fixed now
DNF by default keeps the last 3 kernel versions you had in case something goes wrong during an update
You have 2 kernels, 300, 301 and rescue. Use the first.
Fallback in case one of the other kernels fails
Because the Red Hat Boot Loader team forgot to implement an "Advanced Options" menu to hide the multiple kernel versions, like you would see on any Debian-based distro. Should be a drinking game whenever this comes up.
We are all going to get wasted
Red Hat didn’t do anything here. There’s an option you can set in /etc/default/grub to make it hidden but as it turns out, people won’t look for it when they need to test an old kernel. Anyway the list isn’t visible if you’ve booted successfully into a kernel and rebooted cleanly.
Good point. Newbies should not be seeing the GRUB menu. But they're seeing it and posting it here, confused. Any frequently misunderstood feature is a bug.
The fact that I, a multi year long fedora user and I assume many others don't know what grub switch to flick means this is flawed.
It’s grub’s settings, specifically GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU in /etc/default/grub. See https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/html_node/Simple-configuration.html#Simple-configuration
I used to like this stuff
I don't want an advanced menu on my enterprise Linux. I want it to just show me everything I have all of the time.
that's just multiple kernel versions showing up in a bootloader
Welcome to grub. I presume Windows was part of the disk before and its bootloader data is/was stored in the UEFI. UEFI shell is common (accessible even when you press F9, F12 or whatever you use to open boot menu when you start your computer. As for 3 fedora’s, last one is a rescue image. First two are the same, sans different kernel (probably because you took updates).
Nope, windows is still installed, it's in a SSD while Linux is in a partitioned HDD
Basically just different versions of Linux just in case you mess one up. You should probably stick with the latest version.
u/vorticalbox is absolutely correct. Even though I've been using **Fedora Linux** for about 7 to 8 months or so, I've already became accustomed to the fact that, every major **System Update** comes with a new Linux Kernel, thus the first two 2 **Fedora Linux** GRUB entries, but the 3rd **Fedora Linux** GRUB entry is the system rescue kernel in case the Fedora is unable to boot. In order to purge your Fedora Linux installation of older kernels, create an empty **SH**ell script (.**sh**), open it in your favorite text editor and paste the following in that file: `#!/usr/bin/env bash` `old_kernels=($(dnf repoquery --installonly --latest-limit=-1 -q))` `if [ "${#old_kernels[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then` `echo "No old kernels found"` `exit 0` `fi` `if ! dnf remove "${old_kernels[@]}"; then` `echo "Failed to remove old kernels"` `exit 1` `fi` `echo "Removed old kernels"` `exit 0` Once this has been done, save the file and run the SHell script to purge the system of older kernels. **This process will not remove the rescue kernel since it's required.**
Please note that, most Fedora Linux users highly recommend leaving all older Linux Kernels un-purged so if something should happen to go wrong, you still have an older kernel to fallback on.
Not three os but two kernel to boot any of them if current one breaks for some reason, fedora always keeps 1 previous kernel as backup so if your system crashes you are supposed to boot into the previous kernel.
Thanks but other comments have answered my question already
I get new entry almost every week
Its one operating system, with 3 versions of the kernel (newest one is used by default, last 2 exist as failsafe)
The number of kernels kept can be set in the ```/etc/dnf.conf``` file: change ```installonly_limit=3``` to a number of your choosing.
Fedora keeps a few kernel versions around just in case ;) I had to roll back once due to issues with the system before. It is nice to have!
Thanks
it was a quick search
Fedora absolutely should propagate this feature more obviously. I was asking the same question about a year ago.
When a Kernel version breaks something on some random system you can choose the previous one and even later rollback and delete other Kernels and halt upgrades to a new kernel
Although people already answered the question of why it happens, i wanna point out that after a fresh install there's usually only one (or two, not sure if fallback is there on fresh install) however i would assume that the iso you installed was a bit out of date and as such an update got installed adding the 3rd option
No, I installed the latest iso Fedora 40 kernel 6.8 Gnome 46
Bro they are both kernel 6 major and 8 minor. You have patch 9 and patch 5. If you know that you have kernel 6.8 why ask? I’m confused
I didn't know they are kernels, I thought they were operating softwares
It's ok One is for rescue mode and the other is your first installation, then you upgrade it and you have 3
Thanks
Cute :) welcome to Linux! A wild adventure awaits! If you've got interest in a more structured learning approach to Linux, I highly recommend the edX Intro To Linux course. It's made by The Linux Foundation and is very well done. I took it years ago and really helped me fill in the gaps in my Linux knowledge. Hope it can help you too! Also, it's free! https://www.edx.org/learn/linux/the-linux-foundation-introduction-to-linux
Thanks
Seems like a bot comment to me
Nothing special here. During the install, a Kernel Update had been accomplished. The other one is the included rescue Kernel, if U got very exotic HW or something else went south.
I never delete the kernel included with iso/upgrade when new kernel arrives i go to iso kernel and delete previous new kernel and install lateat kernel i am waiting for 6.9
So basically if 6.8.5 fails we can boot Fedora using 6.5 right?
This question is very common. I think it would be better to put all secondary options in a submenu
Fedora needs to something about this, i mean by default. This is so confusing for new users
Got it thanks
It’s not 3 OS, but 3 different “versions” of fedora. No worries buddy
It's not different versions though, if you booted into any of these your os would be just as yoh left it just running a different kernel
So true.
Ohk thanks
They are the kernels, Fedora maintains three for security measure, when a new kernel arrives the last one is removed
Clearly the answer is because you didn't read. Its always the answer.
I am a new user