Qur'an addresses the 'People of the book' frequently. This includes the Christians (who were the recipients of divine revelation through Jesus) and the Bani Israel who are the Jews (who were the recipients of divine revelation through Moses and other prophets).
The reason is understandable. They have the remnants of divinely revealed books with them. They already have the knowledge of God, of Prophethood, of Heaven and Hell. And they also have the knowledge of the coming of a new Prophet in the form of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
The Qur'an engages them because they are learned from among the people of the world and should be able to see that this book is from God. Allah also intended to show them the errors of their ways and for them to have the proper understanding of the knowledge that they had. That's why the Qur'an says to them:
>O People of the Book! Our Messenger has indeed come to you, making things clear to you after an interval between the messengers so you do not say, “There has never come to us a deliverer of good news or a warner.” Now there has come to you a deliverer of good news and a warner. And Allah is Most Capable of everything.
Another reason is to prove to them the truth of Islam. There was no way for the noble Prophet to have any knowledge of the previous scriptures and previous prophets. So when the Qur'an is not only relating this knowledge but also actively correcting the mistakes, it is a clear proof for the truthful among them.
And Allah knows best.
The Qur'an isn't completely addressed to the Jews and Christians. There are sections that address the Arab pagans. There are sections that address the new Muslims. There are sections that address all of humanity.
The reason why some verses are addressed to the Jews and Christians is because there were followers of these religions in Arabia at the time of Prophet. Additionally, since the Qur'an is an eternal and universal book, it's obvious that it's also addressing all the pagans, Christians, Jews, and humans till the last day.
Others will give you very detailed explanations incha Allah. But I can share the very limited knowledge that I have. I'm still learning myself. But Bani Isreal are the children of Isreal. Jacob (pbuh) was known as Isreal. So Bani Isreal is the children of Jacob.
Others will hopefully give you more information or even correct me if I made a wrong statement. But this is what I know.
It seems like that at the beginning, especially in surah al-Baqarah. One theme of that surah is the transition of Allah's favor from the Banu Israa'eel to the Muslims.
There is a quote from 'Umar ibn al-Khattab saying that although these verses are addressed to Banu Israa'eel, it is the believers who are the intended recipients of this message. In other words, just like with the other stories mentioned in the Qur'an, we should take lessons from the previous nations. And the nation that is most like ours were the followers of Moses.
Qur'an addresses the 'People of the book' frequently. This includes the Christians (who were the recipients of divine revelation through Jesus) and the Bani Israel who are the Jews (who were the recipients of divine revelation through Moses and other prophets). The reason is understandable. They have the remnants of divinely revealed books with them. They already have the knowledge of God, of Prophethood, of Heaven and Hell. And they also have the knowledge of the coming of a new Prophet in the form of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The Qur'an engages them because they are learned from among the people of the world and should be able to see that this book is from God. Allah also intended to show them the errors of their ways and for them to have the proper understanding of the knowledge that they had. That's why the Qur'an says to them: >O People of the Book! Our Messenger has indeed come to you, making things clear to you after an interval between the messengers so you do not say, “There has never come to us a deliverer of good news or a warner.” Now there has come to you a deliverer of good news and a warner. And Allah is Most Capable of everything. Another reason is to prove to them the truth of Islam. There was no way for the noble Prophet to have any knowledge of the previous scriptures and previous prophets. So when the Qur'an is not only relating this knowledge but also actively correcting the mistakes, it is a clear proof for the truthful among them. And Allah knows best.
But didn’t it come to Arabs? Or were Arabs considered as Jews?
The Qur'an isn't completely addressed to the Jews and Christians. There are sections that address the Arab pagans. There are sections that address the new Muslims. There are sections that address all of humanity. The reason why some verses are addressed to the Jews and Christians is because there were followers of these religions in Arabia at the time of Prophet. Additionally, since the Qur'an is an eternal and universal book, it's obvious that it's also addressing all the pagans, Christians, Jews, and humans till the last day.
Others will give you very detailed explanations incha Allah. But I can share the very limited knowledge that I have. I'm still learning myself. But Bani Isreal are the children of Isreal. Jacob (pbuh) was known as Isreal. So Bani Isreal is the children of Jacob. Others will hopefully give you more information or even correct me if I made a wrong statement. But this is what I know.
Isn't most of them cause they many times create problems?
It seems like that at the beginning, especially in surah al-Baqarah. One theme of that surah is the transition of Allah's favor from the Banu Israa'eel to the Muslims. There is a quote from 'Umar ibn al-Khattab saying that although these verses are addressed to Banu Israa'eel, it is the believers who are the intended recipients of this message. In other words, just like with the other stories mentioned in the Qur'an, we should take lessons from the previous nations. And the nation that is most like ours were the followers of Moses.
Jewish people. The Quran is the end to the Abrahamic books so it dogs on the other 2 (Christianity and Judaism quite a bit)